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The papers in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected and subject to review by the editors and conference program committee. Some conference presentations may not be available for publication. Additional papers and presentation recordings may be available online in the SPIE Digital Library at SPIEDigitalLibrary.org. The papers reflect the work and thoughts of the authors and are published herein as submitted. The publisher is not responsible for the validity of the information or for any outcomes resulting from reliance thereon. Please use the following format to cite material from these proceedings: Author(s), “Title of Paper,” in Adaptive X-Ray Optics V, edited by Daniele Spiga, Hidekazu Mimura, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 10761 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2018) Seven-digit Article CID Number. ISSN: 0277-786X ISSN: 1996-756X (electronic) ISBN: 9781510620933 ISBN: 9781510620940 (electronic) Published by SPIE P.O. Box 10, Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010 USA Telephone +1 360 676 3290 (Pacific Time)· Fax +1 360 647 1445 Copyright © 2018, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Copying of material in this book for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, beyond the fair use provisions granted by the U.S. Copyright Law is authorized by SPIE subject to payment of copying fees. The Transactional Reporting Service base fee for this volume is $18.00 per article (or portion thereof), which should be paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Payment may also be made electronically through CCC Online at copyright.com. Other copying for republication, resale, advertising or promotion, or any form of systematic or multiple reproduction of any material in this book is prohibited except with permission in writing from the publisher. The CCC fee code is 0277-786X/18/$18.00. Printed in the United States of America. Publication of record for individual papers is online in the SPIE Digital Library. Paper Numbering: Proceedings of SPIE follow an e-First publication model A unique citation identifier (CID) number is assigned to each article at the time of publication Utilization of CIDs allows articles to be fully citable as soon as they are published online and connects the same identifier to all online and print versions of the publication SPIE uses a seven-digit CID article numbering system structured as follows:
AuthorsNumbers in the index correspond to the last two digits of the seven-digit citation identifier (CID) article numbering system used in Proceedings of SPIE. The first five digits reflect the volume number. Base 36 numbering is employed for the last two digits and indicates the order of articles within the volume. Numbers start with 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B…0Z, followed by 10-1Z, 20-2Z, etc. Abruña, Ernesto, 0H Badami, Vivek G., 0H Batey, D., 0D Baturalp, T. B., 0B Bean, R., 02 Borgsmiller, L. E., 0B Buchholz, D. B., 0B Bucourt, Samuel, 0E Cao, J., 0B Cipiccia, S., 0D Cocco, Daniele, 05, 06, 07, 0E Coppejans, R., 0B Coverstone, V. L., 0B David, C., 0D de La Rochefoucauld, Ombeline, 0E Dovillaire, Guillaume, 0E Flechsig, U., 0D Freijo Martín, I., 02 Hardin, C. L., 06, 07 Harms, Fabrice, 0E Huang, Lei, 0H Idir, Mourad, 0E, 0H Jaggi, A., 0D Keely, K., 0B Khreishi, M. A., 0B Kishimoto, Hikaru, 0F Koch, F., 0D Korn, Dietmar, 0E Krempaský, J., 0D Lacey, Ian, 08 Lee, Lance, 05 Levecq, Xavier, 0E Marathe, S., 0D Marmin, Agathe, 0E McKinney, Wayne R., 08 Mikeš, L., 0D Mimura, Hidekazu, 0F Morton, Daniel, 05, 06, 07 Motoyama, Hiroto, 0F Ng, May Ling, 05, 06, 07 Nicolas, J., 06 Nicolas, Lionel, 0E O’Donnell, A. E., 0B Ohashi, Haruhiko, 0F Patthey, L., 0D Piponnier, Martin, 0E Raimondi, Lorenzo, 0E Rau, C., 0D Reinhardt, W. H., 0B Rodriguez, L. A., 0B Schonfeld, Z. J., 0B Seaberg, M., 0D Seiboth, F., 0D Senba, Yasunori, 0F Shiri, R., 0B Sinn, H., 02 Spiga, D., 06, 07 Svetina, C., 0D Takeo, Yoko, 0F Ulmer, M. P., 0B Vagovič, P., 0D Vannoni, M., 02 Wagner, U. H., 0D Yashchuk, Valeriy V., 08 Zeitoun, Philippe, 0E Zhang, Lin, 05 Conference CommitteeProgram Chairs
Conference Chairs
Conference Co-chairs
Conference Program Committee
Session Chairs
IntroductionAdaptive x-ray optics is a quite recent branch of optical engineering. Its close relative, i.e., adaptive mirrors for astronomical telescopes, aims at overcoming the disturbance of the atmosphere in astronomical observations by real-time wavefront sensing and correction via rapidly-deformable mirrors. X-ray mirrors, in contrast, operate in high vacuum and so are completely unaffected by air turbulences. Nevertheless, adaptive (or active, or adjustable) x-ray optics has inherited the concept of shape-changing mirrors, in order to correct profile distortions that could not be removed by the manufacturing, integration, or the bearing system. Adaptive x-ray optics furthermore offers the opportunity to actively compensate mirror distortions caused by the thermal load. This volume encompasses contributions on latest developments of adaptive x-ray optics in two fundamental sectors: space observatories and ground-based light sources (synchrotrons and FEL - free electron lasers). The two domains face the same problem of optimizing the focusing accuracy, but with completely different boundary conditions. The former needs to detect faint signals and therefore has to remove surface defects in thin mirrors, typically densely packed in a large aperture optical module. The latter targets at mirror shape control in beamlines near the diffraction limit, under intense, highly-anisotropic radiation exposure. Consequently, different mirror geometries are usually adopted in the two cases. Despite the differences, indeed, a common physical frame can be drawn around the two realms. Even to different approximation levels, the same elasticity theory rules the mirror bending. The same wavefront propagation controls the bending of x-rays throughout the optical system. Thermal gradients - on orbit or in a beamline - distort the wavefront and hinder the focusing performances, and sensitive metrology/wavefront sensing techniques have to be developed to characterize and feedback the mirror correction. This proceeding volume aims at finding a sharing point between the research being carried out in both branches of adaptive x-ray optics. The papers enclosed in the volume cover the following topics:
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