Fluorescence diffuse optical tomography has traditionally employed near infrared (NIR) light (700 nm - 850 nm), owing to the lower absorption, and consequently, deeper penetration through thick biological tissue in these wavelengths. However, tissue scattering is a major impediment that has limited spatial resolution. We demonstrate that tomography using light in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectrum (>1000 nm), characterized by lower tissue scattering, can provide a several-fold improvement in spatial resolution compared to that using NIR light. We also show that the use of SWIR light for both excitation and detection provides the improved spatial resolution enhancement compared to using SWIR detection alone. Using Monte Carlo simulations and phantom experiments, we characterize the tomographic spatial resolution performance across both the NIR and SWIR spectral regions. We also validate the application of SWIR tomography in complex shaped, heterogeneous biological tissue using mouse cadavers with embedded fluorescent inclusions in the brain. These results suggest that SWIR tomography will offer a powerful new approach for non-invasive, depth resolved, 3D tomographic imaging in whole animals.
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