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Small angle x-ray scatter from microstructure too small to resolve in conventional imaging can provide an additional “dark field” signal that is complementary to attenuation and phase. Unfortunately, the low spatial coherence of clinical sources reduces dark field contrast. Focusing polycapillary optics are employed to allow for the use of high-power primary sources by increasing the phase signal after the focus. The method for this system is to structure the beam with a low-cost wire mesh that further relaxes the coherence requirement on the source. However, the coarseness of the mesh reduces the strength of the dark field signal compared with grating-based techniques, so optimization of the signal is important.
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Uttam Pyakurel, C. A. MacDonald, Jonathan C. Petruccelli, "Dark field signal maximization in mesh-based x-ray imaging," Proc. SPIE 12523, Computational Imaging VII
, 125230B (21 June 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665366