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As a fundamental aspect of cellular organization, cell polarity is crucial for deciphering the complex processes involved in tissue development and morphogenesis. There are two distinct but interconnected systems - Planar cell polarity (PCP) and Apical-basal cell polarity (ABCP) that regulate the cellular spatial organization and alignment. Establishing and maintaining these cell polarity systems require dynamic interplay between the cell polarity signaling pathways and cytoskeletal remodeling, which comprise the dynamics of actin filaments and microtubules. Despite the significance of the interaction, there still have been few studies investigating the interconnection between these pathways. This review summarizes the crosstalk among PCP, ABCP, and cytoskeletal remodeling by examining molecular components, signaling pathways, and mechanisms involved, highlighting their roles in cellular dynamics and homeostasis. Key proteins involved in PCP signaling pathways, such as Rho GTPases, determine cell shape and polarity. Components of the ABCP pathway, including the three polarity complexes, contribute to actin reorganization, enhancing cell polarity. The cytoskeleton plays a vital function in integrating the signaling inputs from both pathways, ensuring proper cellular organization. Moreover, cytoskeleton-binding proteins coordinate the spatial organization of PCP pathway components and establish ABCP by coordinating the orientation and position of components of the polarity complexes within cells. By identifying the key players and regulatory interactions within these interconnected networks, potential therapeutic targets for manipulating cell polarity and cytoskeletal dynamics can be considered, opening new avenues for the treatment and management of comprehensive health conditions and diseases, for example, neurodevelopmental disorders and epithelial dysfunctions.
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