Optimum decoding and detection of a multiplicative amplitude-encoded watermark

Mauro Barni; Franco Bartolini; Alessia De Rosa; Alessandro Piva

doi:10.1117/12.465299

29 April 2002 Optimum decoding and detection of a multiplicative amplitude-encoded watermark

Mauro Barni, Franco Bartolini, Alessia De Rosa, Alessandro Piva

Proceedings Volume 4675, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IV; (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.465299
Event: Electronic Imaging, 2002, San Jose, California, United States

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present a novel approach to the decoding and the detection of multibit, multiplicative, watermarks embedded in the frequency domain. Watermark payload is conveyed by amplitude modulating a pseudo-random sequence, thus resembling conventional DS spread spectrum techniques. As opposed to conventional communication systems, though, the watermark is embedded within the host DFT coefficients by using a multiplicative rule. The watermark decoding technique presented in the paper is an optimum one, in that it minimizes the bit error probability. The problem of watermark presence assessment, which is often underestimated by state-of-the-art research on multibit watermarking, is addressed too, and the optimum detection rule derived according to the Neyman-Pearson criterion. Experimental results are shown both to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis and to highlight the good performance of the proposed system.

Citation Download Citation

Mauro Barni, Franco Bartolini, Alessia De Rosa, and Alessandro Piva "Optimum decoding and detection of a multiplicative amplitude-encoded watermark", Proc. SPIE 4675, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IV, (29 April 2002); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.465299

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