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Hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy by the addition of a specific tissue fluorophore enhances the
contrast between benign and malignant epithelial (urothelial) cells in the bladder. Improved detection of flat and
papillary tumors as confirmed in recent phase III clinical trials allows the urologist to obtain a precise
information on the disease extent at the whole surface of the bladder wall. With gaining experience, management
of non muscle invasive bladder cancer improves in readiness and accuracy.
Patrice Jichlinski
"HAL fluorescence cystoscopy: towards a new paradigm in bladder cancer management", Proc. SPIE 7380, Photodynamic Therapy: Back to the Future, 738033 (13 July 2009); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.828216
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Patrice Jichlinski, "HAL fluorescence cystoscopy: towards a new paradigm in bladder cancer management," Proc. SPIE 7380, Photodynamic Therapy: Back to the Future, 738033 (13 July 2009); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.828216