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Unattended ground sensor (UGS) networks have been widely used in remote battlefield and other tactical applications
over the last few decades due to the advances of the digital signal processing. The UGS network can be applied in a
variety of areas including border surveillance, special force operations, perimeter and building protection, target
acquisition, situational awareness, and force protection. In this paper, a highly-distributed, fault-tolerant, and energyefficient
Smart Sensing Surveillance System (S4) is presented to efficiently provide 24/7 and all weather security
operation in a situation management environment. The S4 is composed of a number of distributed nodes to collect,
process, and disseminate heterogeneous sensor data. Nearly all S4 nodes have passive sensors to provide rapid omnidirectional
detection. In addition, Pan- Tilt- Zoom- (PTZ) Electro-Optics EO/IR cameras are integrated to selected nodes
to track the objects and capture associated imagery. These S4 camera-connected nodes will provide applicable advanced
on-board digital image processing capabilities to detect and track the specific objects. The imaging detection operations
include unattended object detection, human feature and behavior detection, and configurable alert triggers, etc. In the
S4, all the nodes are connected with a robust, reconfigurable, LPI/LPD (Low Probability of Intercept/ Low Probability of
Detect) wireless mesh network using Ultra-wide band (UWB) RF technology, which can provide an ad-hoc, secure mesh
network and capability to relay network information, communicate and pass situational awareness and messages. The
S4 utilizes a Service Oriented Architecture such that remote applications can interact with the S4 network and use the
specific presentation methods. The S4 capabilities and technologies have great potential for both military and civilian
applications, enabling highly effective security support tools for improving surveillance activities in densely crowded
environments and near perimeters and borders. The S4 is compliant with Open Geospatial Consortium - Sensor Web
Enablement (OGC-SWE®) standards. It would be directly applicable to solutions for emergency response personnel,
law enforcement, and other homeland security missions, as well as in applications requiring the interoperation of sensor
networks with handheld or body-worn interface devices.
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