Quantum enhanced lidar resolution with multi-spatial-mode phase sensitive amplification

Cesar A. Santivanez; Saikat Guha; Zachary Dutton; Muthiah Annamalai; Michael Vasilyev; Brent J. Yen; Ranjith Nair; Jeffrey H. Shapiro

doi:10.1117/12.903351

6 September 2011 Quantum enhanced lidar resolution with multi-spatial-mode phase sensitive amplification

Cesar A. Santivanez, Saikat Guha, Zachary Dutton, Muthiah Annamalai, Michael Vasilyev, Brent J. Yen, Ranjith Nair, Jeffrey H. Shapiro

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 8163, Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging IX; 81630Z (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903351
Event: SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2011, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

Phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) can enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an optical measurement suffering from detection inefficiency. Previously, we showed that this increased SNR improves LADAR-imaging spatial resolution when infinite spatial-bandwidth PSA is employed. Here, we evaluate the resolution enhancement for realistic, finite spatial-bandwidth amplification. PSA spatial bandwidth is characterized by numerically calculating the input and output spatial modes and their associated phase-sensitive gains under focused-beam pumping. We then compare the spatial resolution of a baseline homodyne-detection LADAR system with homodyne LADAR systems that have been augmented by pre-detection PSA with infinite or finite spatial bandwidth. The spatial resolution of each system is quantified by its ability to distinguish between the presence of 1 point target versus 2 closely-spaced point targets when minimum error-probability decisions are made from quantum limited measurements. At low (5-10 dB) SNR, we find that a PSA system with a 2.5kWatts pump focused to 25μm × 400μm achieves the same spatial resolution as a baseline system having 5.5 dB higher SNR. This SNR gain is very close to the 6 dB SNR improvement possible with ideal (infinite bandwidth, infinite gain) PSA at our simulated system detection efficiency (0.25). At higher SNRs, we have identified a novel regime in which finite spatial-bandwidth PSA outperforms its infinite spatial-bandwidth counterpart. We show that this performance crossover is due to the focused pump system's input-to-output spatial-mode transformation converting the LADAR measurement statistics from homodyne to heterodyne performance.

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Cesar A. Santivanez, Saikat Guha, Zachary Dutton, Muthiah Annamalai, Michael Vasilyev, Brent J. Yen, Ranjith Nair, and Jeffrey H. Shapiro "Quantum enhanced lidar resolution with multi-spatial-mode phase sensitive amplification", Proc. SPIE 8163, Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging IX, 81630Z (6 September 2011); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903351

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