Study of bi-alkali photocathode growth on glass by X-ray techniques for fast timing response photomultipliers

Junqi Xie; Marcel Demarteau; Robert Wagner; Miguel Ruiz-Oses; Xue Liang; Ilan Ben-Zvi; Klaus Attenkofer; Susanne Schubert; John Smedley; Jared Wong; Howard Padmore; Arthur Woll

doi:10.1117/12.2037367

7 March 2014 Study of bi-alkali photocathode growth on glass by X-ray techniques for fast timing response photomultipliers

Junqi Xie, Marcel Demarteau, Robert Wagner, Miguel Ruiz-Oses, Xue Liang, Ilan Ben-Zvi, Klaus Attenkofer, Susanne Schubert, John Smedley, Jared Wong, Howard Padmore, Arthur Woll

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 8982, Optical Components and Materials XI; 89821O (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2037367
Event: SPIE OPTO, 2014, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Bi-alkali antimonide photocathode is an essential component in fast timing response photomultipliers. Real-time in-situ grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and post-growth x-ray reflectivity measurement were performed to study the photocathode deposition process on glass substrate. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction patterns show the formation of Sb crystalline, dissolution of crystalline phase Sb by the application of K vapor and reformation of refined crystal textures. XRR result exhibits that the film thickness increases ~ 4.5 times after K diffusion and almost have no change after Cs diffusion. Further investigation is expected to understand the photocathode growth process and provide guidelines for photocathode development.

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Junqi Xie, Marcel Demarteau, Robert Wagner, Miguel Ruiz-Oses, Xue Liang, Ilan Ben-Zvi, Klaus Attenkofer, Susanne Schubert, John Smedley, Jared Wong, Howard Padmore, and Arthur Woll "Study of bi-alkali photocathode growth on glass by X-ray techniques for fast timing response photomultipliers", Proc. SPIE 8982, Optical Components and Materials XI, 89821O (7 March 2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2037367

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