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Sponsored and Published by SPIE The papers included in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected and subject to review by the editors and conference program committee. Some conference presentations may not be available for publication. The papers published in these proceedings reflect the work and thoughts of the authors and are published herein as submitted. The publisher is not responsible for the validity of the information or for any outcomes resulting from reliance thereon. Please use the following format to cite material from this book: Author(s), "Title of Paper," in Optics and Biophotonics in Low-Resource Settings, edited by David Levitz, Aydogan Ozcan, David Erickson, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 9314 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2015) Article CID Number. ISSN: 1605-7422 ISBN: 9781628414042 Published by SPIE P.O. Box 10, Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010 USA Telephone +1 360 676 3290 (Pacific Time) · Fax +1 360 647 1445 Copyright © 2015, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Copying of material in this book for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, beyond the fair use provisions granted by the U.S. Copyright Law is authorized by SPIE subject to payment of copying fees. The Transactional Reporting Service base fee for this volume is $18.00 per article (or portion thereof), which should be paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Payment may also be made electronically through CCC Online at copyright.com. Other copying for republication, resale, advertising or promotion, or any form of systematic or multiple reproduction of any material in this book is prohibited except with permission in writing from the publisher. The CCC fee code is 1605-7422/15/$18.00. Printed in the United States of America. Publication of record for individual papers is online in the SPIE Digital Library. Paper Numbering: Proceedings of SPIE follow an e-First publication model, with papers published first online and then in print. Papers are published as they are submitted and meet publication criteria. A unique citation identifier (CID) number is assigned to each article at the time of the first publication. Utilization of CIDs allows articles to be fully citable as soon as they are published online, and connects the same identifier to all online, print, and electronic versions of the publication. SPIE uses a six-digit CID article numbering system in which:
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Conference Committee
IntroductionThis year, we are proud to present the first-ever SPIE Proceedings volume on a new conference on Optics and Biophotonics in Low-Resource Settings. This conference is a huge development for SPIE’s Photonics West meetings, and in the optics community in general. For several years now, Photonics West has been the leading biomedical optics conference in the world. However, the bulk of the research presented at Photonics West came primarily from leading labs in OECD countries, focusing on pushing the boundaries of science by improving the spatial resolution of optical coherence tomography, developing multi-modal endoscopes for imaging a host of internal tissues, spectroscopy, optogenetics, photodynamic and low-light therapies. Until very recently, R&D in biomedical optics consisted almost exclusively of innovations of such high-end systems. However, recent developments in technology have changed everything. The revolution in digital electronics has significantly reduced both the price and size of sensors, light sources, and computing units. With the smartphone, mobile imaging systems have been placed in the hands of billions of people. Indeed, the cameras in smartphones have better specs than many of the cameras in high-end medical imaging systems. Prototyping has become faster and easier. Not only can mechanical structures be printed inexpensively in 3D, but now, so can lenses and other optical elements. Innovations in nanotechnology and microfluidics enable rapid optical analysis of liquid specimens collected from any or all bodily fluids. With these trends, many believe that growth in healthcare technologies in the future will be based on innovative low-cost solutions that bring healthcare to the masses, which currently lack access to it. Approximately 85 percent of the world’s population (6 billion people) lives outside OECD nations, where resources and facilities available to deliver medical care are limited. Optical technologies are uniquely positioned to enable emerging economies to improve the delivery of healthcare to their people. Optical methods can non-invasively assess the microstructure, function, and composition of tissues, as well as deliver targeted therapies. The revolution in digital electronics has significantly reduced both the price and size of components (e.g., sensors, light sources, computing units) critical to most optical systems. Integrating such optical components with compact microfluidics and low-cost biomarkers allows for building robust optical systems that are inexpensive and scalable. Attendance at the conference was very impressive. In every single session, the room was overflowing with people, including many leading investigators from the labs that develop high-end systems. We sincerely hope that this conference gets people thinking on how to use optical technologies to improve healthcare for the billions of people on the bottom of the pyramid. David Levitz Aydogan Ozcan David Erickson |
