Vibrational Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for biomedical applications such as the molecular characterization of normal and pathological tissues as well as the evaluation of prosthetic material bicompatibility. This work deals with the applications of Raman spectroscopy to the study of ocular tissues (lens, cornea, vitreous humour), the respective prosthetic biomaterials, bone tissue, and the main biomaterials used in the prosthetic surgery of bone. In particular the Raman spectra of the cornea in different conditions, of vitreous humour, and of pathological bone are reported and discussed. The Raman spectrum of air dried cornea suggests that the tissue is made up almost entirely of collagen. The spectra of normal and pathological bone tissues indicate that pathological bone has a more minor phosphate content than normal bone and some modifications are also observed for the amide III components. Moreover, the Raman spectrum of an arthroplastic bone before defatting suggests a substitution of phosphate with carbonate ions.
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