Indocyanine green degradation during high-intensity laser irradiation

Jason Crull; Steven A. Schafer

doi:10.1117/12.240014

17 May 1996 Indocyanine green degradation during high-intensity laser irradiation

Jason Crull, Steven A. Schafer

Proceedings Volume 2671, Lasers in Surgery: Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems VI; (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.240014
Event: Photonics West '96, 1996, San Jose, CA, United States

Abstract

It is known that aqueous solutions of indocyanine green (ICG) are not stable -- the dye degrades over time, especially in the presence of light. Addition of protein or other partially- hydrophobic compounds (e.g., surfactants) to the solution act to stabilize the ICG, presumably by binding the dye and preventing occurrence of the degradation reaction. Solutions of ICG in other, less polar solvents, such as methanol, are also stable under normal conditions of handling and storage. We have discovered, however, that both protein-stabilized and methanol solutions of ICG will degrade when exposed to high-intensity monochromatic illumination. We irradiated 10 (mu) M aqueous solutions of ICG, containing human serum albumin (HSA) as a stabilizer, with light from an alexandrite laser (wavelength: 750 nm; pulse energy: 100 mJ; pulse repetition rate: 20 Hz). While the HSA did act to slow the degradation process somewhat, even concentrations as high as 3% were not sufficient to prevent measurable degradation after as little as 30 seconds of irradiation. We obtained similar results with methanol solutions. Our results suggest that it is important to consider the type of illumination used during tissue welding in order to control ICG degradation. We present our measurements of the intensity dependence of ICG degradation in the presence of stabilizers. In addition, we discuss nonlinear effects (saturable absorption and multi-photon absorption and fluorescence) exhibited by ICG during high-intensity pulses irradiation.

Citation Download Citation

Jason Crull and Steven A. Schafer "Indocyanine green degradation during high-intensity laser irradiation", Proc. SPIE 2671, Lasers in Surgery: Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems VI, (17 May 1996); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.240014

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