In the last half century, pictorial and graphical materials have become increasingly valuable as research tools and diagnostic aids in biology and medicine. Impetus for automation in handling such materials as chromosome spreads, roentgenograms, electrocardiograms, blood smears, Papanicolau smears, and isotope scans has been especially strong. Although each of these sources has special qualities of its own, there are strong similarities in data acquisition and analysis. It is now generally acknowledged that biology and medicine can benefit from the emerging disciplines of image processing and artificial intelligence.
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