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Different laser spectroscopy methods are applicable in ophthalmology for diseases diagnostics and biotissues
state monitoring. Both groups of micro- and macrodiagnostics methods, especially laser Raman, resonance Raman,
surface-enhanced Raman (SERS), Raman microprobe, fluorescence, Raman/fluorescence, infrared Fourier-
transformation absorption method (FT-IR) and the method with the use of total reflection prism (ATR/FT-IR),
FT-Raman , elastic and quasi-elastic light scattering spectroscopy have good possibilities in human and mammalia
eye tissues diagnostics.''2
Microdiagnostics is realyzed with the help of all kinds of Raman, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and
allows to study macromolecular structure and biochemical changes in eye tissues. These methods are very promising
in analyzing of cataract mechanism formation, but not all of them can be used in early human cataract diagnostics,
as far as they require comparatively high levels of laser radiation power. For example, modern means of Raman
spectroscopy (computer controlled optical multichannel analyzer) in early cataract diagnostics need the crystalline
lens has to be radiated by Ar laser with the power of 1 mW during is (Refs. 2,4).
Macrodiagnostics of biotissues exploit such methods as elastic and quasi-elastic light scattering, interferometry,
polarimetry and specle optics. These methods give information about form and dimensions of individual scattering
particale of optically inhomogeneous media, distribution function of particales dimensions, optical constants, static
characteristics of particles spatial location and presence of anisotropy. The investigations carried out for different
eye. tissues demonstrate the possibility of use elastic light scattering techniques to diseases diagnostics and biotissues
state monitoring in ophthalmology. Elastic scattering, interferometry and polarimetry methods require low levels of
laser radiation power and comparatively simple installation for their realization. That's why they are very suitable
for in vivo human eye diagnostics. In this paper laser light diagnostics methods and aapparatus for their realization
are considered. Elastic laser light scattering, interferometry and polarimetry methods are used. The devices and
techniques for the in vivo investigations of light scattering of human eye biotissues are described.
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