Two-color infrared focal plane array based on InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots in a well detectors design

Senthil Annamalai; Philip Dowd; Darren Forman; Petros Varangis; Tom Tumolillo; Allen Gray; Kathy Sun; Mingguo Liu; Joe Campbell; Daniel Carothers; Sanjay Krishna

doi:10.1117/12.617775

24 August 2005 Two-color infrared focal plane array based on InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots in a well detectors design

Senthil Annamalai, Philip Dowd, Darren Forman, Petros Varangis, Tom Tumolillo, Allen Gray, Kathy Sun, Mingguo Liu, Joe Campbell, Daniel Carothers, Sanjay Krishna

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 5897, Photonics for Space Environments X; 58970P (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.617775
Event: Optics and Photonics 2005, 2005, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

We report the first two-color 320 x 256 infrared Focal Plane Array (FPA), based on a voltage-tunable InAs/InGaAs/GaAs DWELL structure. The detectors, grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) comprise of a 15-stack asymmetric DWELL structure sandwiched between two highly doped n-GaAs contact layers, grown on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate. The DWELL region consists of a 2.2 monolayer deposition of n-doped InAs quantum dots (QDs) in an In_0.15GaAs_0.85As well, itself placed in GaAs. The well widths below and above the dots are 50Å and 60Å, respectively. The absorption region asymmetry results in a bias dependent spectral response, with the peak wavelength varying from 5.5 to 10 μm. Using calibrated black body measurements, mid-wavelength and long wavelength specific detectivities (D*) of top-illuminated test pixels at 78K were estimated to be 7.1 x 10¹⁰ cmHz^1/2/W (V_b= 1.0V) and 2.8 x 10¹⁰ cmHz^1/2/W (V_b= 2.5V), respectively. Subsequently, a 320 x 256 QDIP FPA array was fabricated on a 30 μm pitch and was hybridized with an Indigo 9705 ROIC. Thermal imaging was successfully carried out at an estimated FPA temperature of 80K, using different optical filters between 3-5 μm, and 8-12 μm, so as to demonstrate two-color operation. The operability of the FPA was greater than 99%, and the noise-equivalent temperature difference was estimated to be less than 100 mK for f#1 (3-5 μm) and f#2 (5-9 μm) optics.

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Senthil Annamalai, Philip Dowd, Darren Forman, Petros Varangis, Tom Tumolillo, Allen Gray, Kathy Sun, Mingguo Liu, Joe Campbell, Daniel Carothers, and Sanjay Krishna "Two-color infrared focal plane array based on InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots in a well detectors design", Proc. SPIE 5897, Photonics for Space Environments X, 58970P (24 August 2005); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.617775

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KEYWORDS

Staring arrays

Sensors

Long wavelength infrared

Quantum dots

Thermography

Infrared radiation

Gallium arsenide

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