Numerical 3D modeling of heat transfer in human tissues for microwave radiometry monitoring of brown fat metabolism

Dario B. Rodrigues; Paolo F. Maccarini; Sara Salahi; Erin Colebeck; Erdem Topsakal; Pedro J. S. Pereira; Paulo Limão-Vieira; Paul R. Stauffer

doi:10.1117/12.2004931

26 February 2013 Numerical 3D modeling of heat transfer in human tissues for microwave radiometry monitoring of brown fat metabolism

Dario B. Rodrigues, Paolo F. Maccarini, Sara Salahi, Erin Colebeck, Erdem Topsakal, Pedro J. S. Pereira, Paulo Limão-Vieira, Paul R. Stauffer

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 8584, Energy-based Treatment of Tissue and Assessment VII; 85840S (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004931
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2013, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in whole body metabolism and could potentially mediate weight gain and insulin sensitivity. Although some imaging techniques allow BAT detection, there are currently no viable methods for continuous acquisition of BAT energy expenditure. We present a non-invasive technique for long term monitoring of BAT metabolism using microwave radiometry. Methods: A multilayer 3D computational model was created in HFSS^TM with 1.5 mm skin, 3-10 mm subcutaneous fat, 200 mm muscle and a BAT region (2-6 cm³) located between fat and muscle. Based on this model, a log-spiral antenna was designed and optimized to maximize reception of thermal emissions from the target (BAT). The power absorption patterns calculated in HFSS^TM were combined with simulated thermal distributions computed in COMSOL® to predict radiometric signal measured from an ultra-low-noise microwave radiometer. The power received by the antenna was characterized as a function of different levels of BAT metabolism under cold and noradrenergic stimulation. Results: The optimized frequency band was 1.5-2.2 GHz, with averaged antenna efficiency of 19%. The simulated power received by the radiometric antenna increased 2-9 mdBm (noradrenergic stimulus) and 4-15 mdBm (cold stimulus) corresponding to increased 15-fold BAT metabolism. Conclusions: Results demonstrated the ability to detect thermal radiation from small volumes (2-6 cm³) of BAT located up to 12 mm deep and to monitor small changes (0.5 °C) in BAT metabolism. As such, the developed miniature radiometric antenna sensor appears suitable for non-invasive long term monitoring of BAT metabolism.

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Dario B. Rodrigues, Paolo F. Maccarini, Sara Salahi, Erin Colebeck, Erdem Topsakal, Pedro J. S. Pereira, Paulo Limão-Vieira, and Paul R. Stauffer "Numerical 3D modeling of heat transfer in human tissues for microwave radiometry monitoring of brown fat metabolism", Proc. SPIE 8584, Energy-based Treatment of Tissue and Assessment VII, 85840S (26 February 2013); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004931

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