Investigation of human frontal cortex under noxious thermal stimulation of temporo-mandibular joint using functional near infrared spectroscopy

Amarnath Yennu; Rohit Rawat; Michael T. Manry; Robert Gatchel; Hanli Liu

doi:10.1117/12.2005614

25 March 2013 Investigation of human frontal cortex under noxious thermal stimulation of temporo-mandibular joint using functional near infrared spectroscopy

Amarnath Yennu, Rohit Rawat, Michael T. Manry, Robert Gatchel, Hanli Liu

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 8578, Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue X; 857804 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2005614
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2013, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

According to American Academy of Orofacial Pain, 75% of the U.S. population experiences painful symptoms of temporo-mandibular joint and muscle disorder (TMJMD) during their lifetime. Thus, objective assessment of pain is crucial for efficient pain management. We used near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a tool to explore hemodynamic responses in the frontal cortex to noxious thermal stimulation of temporomadibular joint (TMJ). NIRS experiments were performed on 9 healthy volunteers under both low pain stimulation (LPS) and high pain stimulation (HPS), using a temperature-controlled thermal stimulator. To induce thermal pain, a 16X16 mm² thermode was strapped onto the right TMJ of each subject. Initially, subjects were asked to rate perceived pain on a scale of 0 to 10 for the temperatures from 41°C to 47°C. For the NIRS measurement, two magnitudes of temperatures, one rated as 3 and another rated as 7, were chosen as LPS and HPS, respectively. By analyzing the temporal profiles of changes in oxy-hemoglobin concentration (HbO) using cluster-based statistical tests, we were able to identify several regions of interest (ROI), (e.g., secondary somatosensory cortex and prefrontal cortex), where significant differences (p<0.05) between HbO responses to LPS and HPS are shown. In order to classify these two levels of pain, a neural-network-based classification algorithm was used. With leave-one-out cross validation from 9 subjects, the two levels of pain were identified with 100% mean sensitivity, 98% mean specificity and 99% mean accuracy to high pain. From the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.99 mean area under curve was observed.

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Amarnath Yennu, Rohit Rawat, Michael T. Manry, Robert Gatchel, and Hanli Liu "Investigation of human frontal cortex under noxious thermal stimulation of temporo-mandibular joint using functional near infrared spectroscopy", Proc. SPIE 8578, Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue X, 857804 (25 March 2013); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2005614

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KEYWORDS

Prefrontal cortex

Near infrared spectroscopy

Data acquisition

Brain

Hemodynamics

Sensors

Somatosensory cortex

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