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A cryogenic iris mechanism is under development as part of the ground calibration source for the SAFARI instrument.
The iris mechanism is a variable aperture used as an optical shutter to fine-tune and modulate the absolute power output
of the calibration source. It has 4 stainless steel blades that create a near-circular aperture in every position. The
operating temperature is 4.5 Kelvin to provide a negligible background to the SAFARI detectors, and ‘hot spots’ above
9K should be prevented. Cryogenic testing proved that the iris works at 4K. It can be used in a broad range of cryogenic
optical instruments where optical throughput needs to be controlled.
Challenges in the design include the low cooling power available (5mW) and low friction at cryogenic temperatures. The
actuator is an ‘arc-type’ rotary voice-coil motor. The use of flexural pivots creates a mono-stable mechanism with a
resonance frequency at 26Hz. Accurate and fast position control with disturbance rejection is managed by a PID servo
loop using a hall-sensor as input. At 4 Kelvin, the frequency is limited to 4Hz to avoid excess dissipation and heating.
In this paper, the design and performance of the iris are discussed. The design was optimized using a thermal, magnetic
and mechanical model made with COMSOL Finite Element Analysis software. The dynamical and state-space modeling
of the mechanism and the concept of the electrical control are presented. The performance of the iris show good
agreement to the analytical and COMSOL modeling.
C. de Jonge,W. M. Laauwen,E. A. de Vries,H. P. Smit,A. Detrain,M. J. Eggens,L. Ferrari, andP. Dieleman
"Design and performance of a cryogenic iris aperture mechanism", Proc. SPIE 9151, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation, 91510B (18 July 2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054920
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C. de Jonge, W. M. Laauwen, E. A. de Vries, H. P. Smit, A. Detrain, M. J. Eggens, L. Ferrari, P. Dieleman, "Design and performance of a cryogenic iris aperture mechanism," Proc. SPIE 9151, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation, 91510B (18 July 2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054920