Design and characterization of dielectric subwavelength focusing lens with polarization dependence

Sung W. Kim; Lin Pang; Yeshaiahu Fainman

doi:10.1117/12.2220449

14 March 2016 Design and characterization of dielectric subwavelength focusing lens with polarization dependence

Sung W. Kim, Lin Pang, Yeshaiahu Fainman

Proceedings Volume 9756, Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures VI; 975609 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2220449
Event: SPIE OPTO, 2016, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

We introduce and develop design, fabrication and characterization methodology for engineering the effective refractive index of a composite dielectric planar surface created by controlling the density of deeply subwavelength low index nanoholes (e.g., air) in a high index dielectric layer (e.g., Si). The nanoscale properties of a composite dielectric layer allows for full control of the optical wavefront phase by designing arbitrary space-variant refractive index profiles. We present the composite dielectric metasurface microlens exploiting symmetric design to achieve polarization invariant impulse response, and use asymmetric design to demonstrate polarization sensitive impulse response of the lens. This composite dielectric layers lenses were fabricated by patterning nanohole distributions on a dielectric surface and etching to submicron depths. Our dielectric microlens with asymmetric distribution of n_eff (n_eff x ≠ n_{eff y}) demonstrates a graded index lens with polarization dependent focusing with of 32um and 22 um for linearly x- and y-polarized light, respectively operating at a wavelength of λ = 1550nm. We also show numerically and demonstrate experimentally achromatic performance of the devices operating in the wavelength range of 1500nm - 1900nm with FWHM of the focal spots of about 4um. Namely, we have constructed a graded index lens that can overcome diffraction effects even when aperture/wavelength (D/λ) is smaller than 40. The demonstrated novel approach to engineer dielectric composite nanosurfaces has the potential to realize arbitrary phase functions with minimal insertion loss, submicron thickness and miniaturization to reduce element size and weight, and may have a significant impact on numerous miniature imaging systems applications.

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Sung W. Kim, Lin Pang, and Yeshaiahu Fainman "Design and characterization of dielectric subwavelength focusing lens with polarization dependence", Proc. SPIE 9756, Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures VI, 975609 (14 March 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2220449

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KEYWORDS

Dielectrics

Dielectric polarization

Composites

Silicon

Lens design

Refractive index

Microlens

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