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Peculiar physical properties of graphene offer remarkable potential for advanced photonics, particularly in the area of nonlinear optics at deep-subwavelength scale. In this article, we use a theoretical and computational analysis to demonstrate an efficient mechanism for enhancing the third-harmonic generation in graphene diffraction gratings. By taking advantage of the relation between the resonance wavelength of localized surface-plasmon polaritons of graphene ribbons and disks their specific geometry, we can engineer the spectral response of graphene gratings so as strong plasmonic resonances exist at both the fundamental frequency and third-harmonic (TH). As a result of this dual resonance mechanism for optical near-field enhancement, the intensity of the TH can be increased greatly.
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Jian Wei You, Martin Weismann, Nicolae C. Panoiu, "Nonlinear plasmonic resonances in graphene nanostructures," Proc. SPIE 9920, Active Photonic Materials VIII, 99200P (16 September 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237944