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We revisit the scaling laws in micro-optical systems to highlight new phenomena arising beyond a conventional optical regime, especially when the size of the system approaches to the operational wavelength. Our goal is to visualize the impact of the scaling effect in the micrometer-sized domain. First, we will show where the conventional optical regime fades away and unexpected responses arise. We will show this by using a ball-lens as an example. Second, we discuss the scaling effect in the Fresnel number of lens systems. Moving toward wavelength-scale microlenses, a specific value of Fresnel numbers leads to a giant focal shift with strong focal power. Our study will give comprehensive insights into the birth of unanticipated phenomena in miniaturized optical systems.
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Myun-Sik Kim, Toralf Scharf, Hans Peter Herzig, Reinhard Voelkel, "Scaling effect and its impact on wavelength-scale microlenses," Proc. SPIE 10116, MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems XVI, 1011608 (20 February 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2256635