Cross-linked polyimides for integrated optics

Kenneth D. Singer; Tony C. Kowalczyk; Hung D. Nguyen; Allyson J. Beuhler; David A. Wargowski

doi:10.1117/12.279825

29 July 1997 Cross-linked polyimides for integrated optics

Kenneth D. Singer, Tony C. Kowalczyk, Hung D. Nguyen, Allyson J. Beuhler, David A. Wargowski

Proceedings Volume 10290, Sol-Gel and Polymer Photonic Devices: A Critical Review; 102900I (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.279825
Event: Optical Science, Engineering and Instrumentation '97, 1997, San Diego, CA, United States

Abstract

We have investigated crosslinkable polyimides for both passive and active electro-optic devices. These fluorinated polyimides are soluble in the imidized form and are both thermally and photo-crosslinkable leading to easy processability into waveguide structures and the possibility of stable electro-optic properties. We have fabricated channel and slab waveguides and investigated the mechanism of optical propagation loss using photothermal deflection spectroscopy and waveguide loss spectroscopy, and found the losses to arise from residual absorption due to the formation of charge transfer states. The absorption is inhibited by fluorination yielding propagation losses as low as 0.4 dB/cm in the near infrared. Channel waveguides formed by a simple wet etch process are observed to have no excess loss over slab structures. We have produced electro-optic polymers by doping with the nonlinear optical chromophores, DCM and DADC; and a process of concurrent poling and thermal crosslinking. Multilayer structures have been investigated and poling fields optimized in the active layer by doping the cladding with an anti-static agent.

Citation Download Citation

Kenneth D. Singer, Tony C. Kowalczyk, Hung D. Nguyen, Allyson J. Beuhler, and David A. Wargowski "Cross-linked polyimides for integrated optics", Proc. SPIE 10290, Sol-Gel and Polymer Photonic Devices: A Critical Review, 102900I (29 July 1997); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.279825

ACCESS THE FULL ARTICLE

INSTITUTIONAL
Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.

SELECT YOUR INSTITUTION

PERSONAL
Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.

PERSONAL SIGN IN

No SPIE Account? Create one

PURCHASE THIS CONTENT

SUBSCRIBE TO DIGITAL LIBRARY

50 downloads per 1-year subscription

Members: $195

Non-members: $335 ADD TO CART

25 downloads per 1 - year subscription

Members: $145

Non-members: $250 ADD TO CART

PURCHASE SINGLE ARTICLE

Includes PDF, HTML & Video, when available