Paper
22 February 2010 Light guided lumpectomy: is continuous wave or frequency domain more accurate
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Abstract
Improving the success of lumpectomies would reduce the number of procedures, cost, and morbidity. A light source could be placed in a lesion to assist in finding and removing the lesion. A quantitive measurement of the distance between such a light source and a detector would further aid in the procedure by providing surgeons with easy to use intra-operative guidance to the lesion. Two methods, continuous wave and frequency domain, of accomplishing this measurement were compared. Within one radio frequency experimental system, the amplitude at 15MHz was taken to represent the continuous wave signal and the phase at 100MHz was taken to represent the frequency domain signal. For the continuous wave method, data at source-detector separation distances of 20, 30 & 50mm were used to predict other distances of 10, 20, 30, 40, & 50 mm. Data at source-detector separation distances of 20 & 40mm was used to predict distances for the frequency domain method. When the difference between the predicted distance and the actual distance was compared to zero the continuous wave method was significantly different (student's t-test, p = 0.03) while the frequency domain method was not statistically different from zero (student'st-test, p > 0.05). The frequency domain method was more accurate at predicting the source-detector separation distance between 10 & 50 mm. This frequency domain method of measuring distance may be useful in locating and removing lesions during lumpectomy procedures.
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A. L. Dayton, N. Choudhury, and S. A. Prahl "Light guided lumpectomy: is continuous wave or frequency domain more accurate", Proc. SPIE 7555, Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems VIII, 755511 (22 February 2010); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.842667
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KEYWORDS
Distance measurement

Sensors

Light sources

Signal detection

Waveguides

Absorption

Continuous wave operation

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