Strategies for improving depth-penetration of two-photon imaging in vivo

Martin Oheim; Emmanuel Beaurepaire; Jerome Mertz; Serge Charpak

doi:10.1117/12.447410

2 November 2001 Strategies for improving depth-penetration of two-photon imaging in vivo

Martin Oheim, Emmanuel Beaurepaire, Jerome Mertz, Serge Charpak

Proceedings Volume 4431, Photon Migration, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Microscopy; (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.447410
Event: European Conferences on Biomedical Optics, 2001, Munich, Germany

Abstract

We investigate tissue and instrument parameters affecting the penetration depth in two-photon microscopy. We show that the temporal redistribution of the same average power into fewer pulses of higher peak energy by means of a regenerative amplifier results in an increase in excitation depth by approximately 2-3 scattering mean free paths. We then measure the excitation scattering mean free path in vitro, using rat brain slices, as a function of the excitation wavelength and tissue age. We find that young-animal tissue (< P18) is two-fold less scattering than adult tissue (P90). We quantify the fall-off of the collected fraction of generated fluorescence in a backward detection geometry, in vivo. At large depths, we observe that the collected fraction scales as the angular acceptance squared (related to the effective field-of-view) of the detection optics. Matching the angular acceptance of the detection optics to that of the objective (63X NA-0.90) results in a factor 3-4 of the collected fluorescence. The collection efficiency can be further increased (10X) by using an objective with large field-of-view and high numerical aperture (20X NA-0.95). These gains translate into approximately 120 micrometers additional depth penetration when working in the rat brain in vivo with a standard Ti:sapphire source.

Citation Download Citation

Martin Oheim, Emmanuel Beaurepaire, Jerome Mertz, and Serge Charpak "Strategies for improving depth-penetration of two-photon imaging in vivo", Proc. SPIE 4431, Photon Migration, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Microscopy, (2 November 2001); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.447410

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KEYWORDS

Luminescence

Objectives

Brain

Scattering

Tissues

In vivo imaging

Microscopes

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