Channel model for a watermark attack

Jonathan K. Su; Frank H. Hartung; Bernd Girod

doi:10.1117/12.344666

9 April 1999 Channel model for a watermark attack

Jonathan K. Su, Frank H. Hartung, Bernd Girod

Proceedings Volume 3657, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents; (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.344666
Event: Electronic Imaging '99, 1999, San Jose, CA, United States

Abstract

Digital watermarking of multimedia (e.g., audio, images, video, etc.) can be viewed as a communications problem in which the watermark must be transmitted and received through a 'watermark channel.' The watermark channel includes distortions resulting from attacks and may include interference from the original digital data. Most current techniques for embedding digital watermarks in multimedia (e.g., audio, images, video, etc.) are based on spread spectrum (SS), although the connection is not always explicit. Current analyses of the watermarking channel are typically limited to the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. However, new channel distortions not considered in classical SS are now possible. This paper describes several such manipulations and focuses on signal re-indexing (i.e., re- ordering of samples). The re-indexing channel is shown to behave like a linear filter on average, and the optimal detector, which has linear complexity, is derived. The channel is studied further for the case of spatial direct-sequence SS watermarks. For the conventional detector, it can yield a probability of bit error (P_E) of 0.5, the worst possible case. A linear prefilter or the optimal (maximum-likelihood can be used for re-synchronization and reduction of P_E. Both methods are analyzed and compared with experimental results. These results include both synthetic data and standard test images and video.

Citation Download Citation

Jonathan K. Su, Frank H. Hartung, and Bernd Girod "Channel model for a watermark attack", Proc. SPIE 3657, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, (9 April 1999); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.344666

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