Modern development of aircraft engineering and consequently of the piloting process itself leads to an increase the volume of information that the pilot has to control. This makes necessary to improve the comfort of displaying flight information for the pilot. One of the main methods is the using of a Helmet-mounted display (HMD) in which the image is formed specifically in such way that the pilot’s eyes are not required to re-accommodate when reading output information. This allows increasing the concentration of the pilot on the outboard situation, reducing the fatigability of pilot’s eyes and improving the overall comfort of the flight.
Today many HMD systems are implemented in monocular design but for more comfort and informative work system should be binocular (or binocular), however not all optical schemes allow this to be done.
The work presents the analysis of modern solutions of Head-mounted optical systems design and an assessment of the feasibility of using certain systems in the form of binocular or biocular helmet displays.
In the work designing the head mounted display with AMOLED image source is considered. The properties of the image generator influence greatly on the characteristics. Due to it is self-luminous and has small sizes, AMOLED microdisplay provide to the optical engineer possibilities of designing compact and high-quality systems. Another one important element in the HMD system is the combiner: applying power combiner allows us to provide sufficient eye-relief, but its power and the form defines the principal layout of the system and aberration balance. We consider the cases of elliptical and spherical form of a combiner, discuss the aberrations for both cases and show the procedure of designing of the HMD system that uses AMOLED display as an image generator.
The system of AR became very popular for educational, military, entertainment and other areas. There are many possible variants of organization the optical part of such schemes. The very important part of the system is a combiner, that is an element which imposes augmented image over the surrounding environment. The power combiner helps to increase the eye relief, but in the case of the tilted power combiner, it adds a rather large amount of off-axis aberrations. These aberrations should be corrected by the following part of the system. Many ways of composing the system with tilted power combiner have been considered and can be found in modern literature. We consider special types of aberrations added by the curved combiner and discuss the ways of the correction. We also analyze possible layouts and their properties for using together with FLCOS and AMOLED microdisplays.
The paper is devoted to the description of the on-line course “Geometrical Optics” placed on the national open-education platform. The course is purposed mainly for undergraduate students in optics and related fields. We discuss key features of the on-line form of this course, the issues of its realization and learning outcomes’ evaluation.
Aspherical surfaces are widely used in optical systems of various applications. Optical design tools (Zemax, CODE-V and others) offers various types of aspherical surfaces equations to be used in designs, but it is always a question how properly choose what coefficients and what number of coefficients should be used. It can be shown that usage special type of aspherical equation where the profile is described by dependence of the quadratic height from the z-sag. Each coefficient in this equation affects the only one aberration order. Unfortunately, such type of equation is rather rarely used in optical design tools. Special procedure can be developed for approximation of this equation to the common equation. The routine calculates aspherical coefficients for the most widely used type of an even asphere equation and finds a standard deviation of the initial surface from the approximated. Thus user can decide to use more coefficients or keep the number. The presented routine helps to find the coefficients in aspherical equation that responsible for the each aberration order and helps to find out the optimal number of aspherical coefficients for correction during optimization. Examples of aberration correction using different types of aspherical surfaces equations are presented in the paper.
Problems of designing dual band lenses were considered. The main problem is color correction in two spectral bands simultaneously because of dispersion issues between two bands for all optical materials. Another challenge is designing the lens with a few optical elements as possible. It results in complication of design dual band lenses compared with single-band lenses design. Dual band lenses design methods using two and three optical materials were discussed. All material combinations in MWIR and LWIR bands for most used materials have been investigated. F/number of single components in infrared lenses has limitation because of high f/number of an overall lens. In the agreement with this fact, we have provided a criterion for selection of good combinations. The results of calculations were tabulated. Manufacturability of all material combinations has been analyzed, and the best combination was obtained. Various designs for the best combinations have been produced. Also, image quality and tolerance sensitivity analysis of these designs was made, so we also provided a criterion for selection of good designs for the same material combination.
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