KEYWORDS: Digital watermarking, Signal to noise ratio, Video, Video compression, Image compression, Sensors, Visibility, Cesium, Image processing, Error analysis
A persistent challenge with imagery captured from Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), is the loss of
critical information such as associated sensor and geospatial data, and prioritized routing information
(i.e., metadata) required to use the imagery effectively. Often, there is a loss of synchronization between
data and imagery. The losses usually arise due to the use of separate channels for metadata, or due to
multiple imagery formats employed in the processing and distribution workflows that do not preserve
the data. To contend with these issues and provide another layer of authentication, digital watermarks
were inserted at point of capture within a tactical UAS. Implementation challenges included
traditional requirements surrounding, image fidelity, performance, payload size, robustness and
application requirements such as power consumption, digital to analog conversion and a fixed
bandwidth downlink, as well as a standard-based approach to geospatial exploitation through a serviceoriented-
architecture (SOA) for extracting and mapping mission critical metadata from the video
stream. The authors capture the application requirements, implementation trade-offs and ultimately
analysis of selected algorithms. A brief summary of results is provided from multiple test flights onboard
the SkySeer test UAS in support of Command, Control, Communications, Computers,
Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance applications within Network Centric Warfare and
Future Combat Systems doctrine.
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