Mr. Devon J. Griggs Profile

Devon J. Griggs

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Large-scale neural interfaces for optogenetic actuators and sensors in non-human primates

Devon Griggs, Tiphaine Belloir, Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad

Proceedings Volume 11663, 1166305 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2579431

KEYWORDS: Optogenetics, Interfaces, Sensors, Actuators, Neurophysiology, Neurons, Neurological disorders, Magnetic resonance imaging, Injuries, Brain

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Optogenetics is a powerful tool for relating brain function to behavior, as it enables cell-type specific manipulation and recording of neurons with high spatial and temporal precision. Although optogenetics has been used successfully in nonhuman primates, reliable techniques had not been developed for large-scale, bi-directional study of neural circuits in these animals. Here we present practical and stable interfaces for stimulation and recording of large-scale cortical circuits. To obtain optogenetic expression across a broad region, spanning large cortical areas (5 cm2 ), we used convection-enhanced delivery of the viral vector, with online guidance from magnetic resonance imaging. To record neural activity across this region, we used micro-electrocorticographic (μECoG) arrays designed to minimally attenuate optical stimuli. Lastly, we have incorporated the capability of producing focal and modular photochemical ischemic lesions in these interfaces enabling us to stimulate the cortex around the site of injury and monitor functional recovery via change in blood flow, neurophysiology and behavior. These interfaces offer powerful tools for studying circuit dynamics and connectivity across cortical areas, for long-term studies of neuromodulation, and for linking these to behavior. Currently we are using these technologies towards developing therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders such as stroke.

Proceedings Article | 22 February 2019 Presentation + Paper

Optimized large-scale optogenetic interface for non-human primates

Devon Griggs, Karam Khateeb, Stephen Philips, Jia Wen Chan, William K. Ojemann, Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad

Proceedings Volume 10866, 1086605 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2511317

KEYWORDS: Interfaces, Tissue optics, Optogenetics, Brain, Light emitting diodes, Electrodes, Polymers, Neurophysiology, Fiber optics

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Stable large-scale optogenetic interfaces for non-human primates (NHPs) have a great potential to answer fundamental questions about brain function and to develop novel therapies for neurological disorders. We have previously reported an interface that enables manipulation and recording from up to 2 cm² of cortical tissue by combining three technologies: 1- convection enhanced viral delivery to achieve high levels of expression across large cortical areas, 2- semi-transparent micro-electrocorticographic arrays to record from these expressing areas, and 3- artificial dura to protect the brain and provide optical access. Although this interface provided a unique platform to study network activity and brain connectivity, it was based on day-to-day implantation and explantation of the recording array which led to accelerated tissue growth on top of the brain and limited the efficient time window for optical access to only several weeks. We then needed to wait for a month or two to remove the tissue from the surface of the brain and regain optical access. Here, we are optimizing this interface by incorporating the recording array into the artificial dura to reduce the manipulation at the brain surface and increase the efficient optical access window to 3-9 months. We are using a transparent, flexible polymer as an insulator for our recording sites that can be easily molded into the artificial dura. Furthermore, we have optimized our stimulation setup to increase the number of simultaneous light stimulation locations. We believe this optimized interface has a great potential for long-term optogenetic experiments in non-human primates.

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