Study of solid airborne particles emissions from rural boiler-house plants are insufficient. The paper presents the results of comparative analysis of dust pollution in vicinity of rural boiler-house plants in Tomsk Oblast different in parameters and fuel type (coal, gas, oil, wood) based on the study of snow cover. The results showed that value of dust load in comparison of background value in vicinity of studied coal-fired houses were different and depended on fuel consumption rate, presence of dust and gas catchment system, coal depository and vehicle park. The maximum value of dust load is found in vicinity of coal-fired boiler-house plants, where it increases the background from 2 to 16 times. In vicinity of other boiler-house plants dust load is at the background level. In vicinity of different coal-fired boiler-house plants the dust load depends on the fuel consumption, effectiveness of dust and gas collection, availability of outdoor coal storage and vehicle fleet. It is shown that natural gas and wood are the most environmentally friendly fuel from the standpoint of particulate matter emissions.
Local heating plants are the main pollution source of rural areas. Currently, there are few studies on the composition of local heating plants emissions. The article deals with the research results of air pollution level with solid airborne particles in the vicinity of local gas-fired heating plants of some districts of Tomsk region. The snow sampling was conducted for the purpose of solid airborne particles extraction from snow cover. The content of 28 chemical elements (heavy metals, rare earth and radioactive elements, aurum, argentum, bromine) in the samples was detected using instrumental neutron activation analysis. The mercury content was determined by the flameless atomic absorption. The results have shown that the dust load value corresponds to low pollution level and 3,5 times exceeds the background value. It was detected, the content of studied elements exceeds the baseline data, and level of pollution with these elements corresponds to the average pollution level. It is suggested, the income of solid airborne particles containing these elements is connected both with emission of gas-fired heating plant, and local and trans-border sources.
Tomsk petrochemical plant (Russia) and Pavlodar oil chemistry refinery (Kazakhstan) are the sources of air contamination in Tomsk and Pavlodar respectively. Therefore, it is very important to study the level of air contamination with particulate matter as well as ultimate composition of these particles. Disposable solid particles fall out to the snow cover, so snow is an accumulator of the particles. The article deals with the study results of dust load and concentrations of Br, Sb, La, Ce, Sm and Nd in insoluble fraction of aerosols in snow in the vicinity of Pavlodar oil chemistry refinery and Tomsk petrochemical plant. The instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for the ultimate composition detection. Results were shown that the dust load in the vicinity of Tomsk petrochemical plant is higher than in Pavlodar. We have detected high concentrations of La, Br and Sm in insoluble fraction of aerosols in snow in the vicinity of Pavlodar refinery and high concentrations of Sb and Ce in Tomsk. Moreover, we have detected high Br concentration in insoluble fraction of aerosols in snow of the vicinity of both plants. Gas burning on the flares of these enterprises is likely a potential source of Br. La to light lanthanoids ratio have shown La is of anthropogenic origin. In addition, enrichment factor estimation reflects an anthropogenic origin of La, Sm, Br, Ce and Sb as well. These elements might be emitted from different production facilities of the plants.
Petroleum refineries may emit large quantities of pollutants. Tomsk Petrochemical plant impact on the air quality. Most elements associated with the emitted aerosols that are sometimes under-reported or even not cataloged. Because snow is an efficient scavenger of the emitted aerosols, it offers for identifying contaminants. Herein, we present the element concentrations in the insoluble fraction of aerosols in snow samples collected between March 2009 and March 2013. We also develop strategies to identify the marker elements for snow cover contamination in the plant vicinity. In addition, the aerosols transfer was indicated at the distances. Samples were measured using instrumental neutron activation analysis and flameless atomic absorption method. Results show that As, Hg, Br, Sb and Zn were found to be the predominated elements alone with traces of other analyzed elements. Burning gas in flare’s plant could be proved to be a source for the toxic and mobile elements Hg, Sb and Br. It is identified that aerosols fallouts degrease away from the plant at a distance from 300 to 1500 m. This study revealed that element concentration did not significant changed between 2009 and 2013.
Snow, as short-term consignation Wednesday, has several properties that lead to its widespread use in ecologicalgeochemical and geological research. By studying the chemical composition of the dust fallout you can indirectly assess the condition of atmospheric air.1-2. Determining the content of mercury in snow cover, you can define its contribution for the longest period of the year in our region, with the most intensive use of various types of fuel (coal, gas, firewood), that puts a strain on urban ecosystems in terms of ecology.3-4. In addition, snow cleans the atmosphere of mercury, but it accumulates in the snow, and during the spring melting of snow hits the ground and rivers, polluting them. Part of the mercury back into the atmosphere. It should also be note the special nature of the circulation of air masses over the city in winter, creating a heat CAP, which contributes to air pollution of the city. 5-6-7. The high load areas of industrial impact were detected during the eco-geochemical investigations of mercury load index in the impacted areas of enterprises of Tomsk. It was found out, that aerosol particles of industrial emissions in Tomsk contain mercury. The contamination transfer character of mercury sources and occurrence modes of pollutants in snow solid residue were detected during the researches of industrial impact.
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