Dr. Patricia R. Barbosa Profile

Dr. Patricia R. Barbosa

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Proceedings Article | 11 May 2009 Paper

Adaptive sensing for target tracking in covert operations

Patricia Barbosa, Edwin K. Chong

Proceedings Volume 7336, 73360A (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.818357

KEYWORDS: Transmitters, Radar, Sensors, Monte Carlo methods, Sensing systems, Surveillance, Target detection, Detection and tracking algorithms, Active remote sensing, Control systems

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Multisensor applications rely on effectively managing sensor resources. In particular, next-generation multifunctional agile radars demand innovative resource management techniques to achieve a common sensing goal while satisfying resource constraints. We consider an active sensing platform where multiple waveform-agile radars scan a hostile surveillance area for targets. A central controller adaptively selects which transmitters should be active and which waveforms should be transmitted. The controller's goal is to choose the sequence of (transmitter, waveform) pairs that yields the most accurate tracking estimate. We formulate this problem as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), and propose a novel "two-level" scheduling scheme that uses two distinct schedulers: (1) at the lower level, a myopic waveform scheduler; and (2) at the upper level, a non-myopic transmitter scheduler. Scheduling decisions at these two levels are carried out differently. While waveforms are updated at every radar scan, a new set of transmitters only becomes active if the overall tracking accuracy falls below a given threshold, or if the "detection risk" is exceeded, given by a limit on the number of consecutive scans during which a set of transmitters is active. By simultaneously exploiting myopic and non-myopic scheduling schemes, we benefit from trading off short-term for long-term performance, while maintaining low computational costs. Moreover, in certain situations, the myopic scheduling of waveforms at each radar scan improves on non-myopic actions taken in the past. Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed adaptive sensing scheme in a multitarget tracking setting.

Proceedings Article | 16 April 2008 Paper

Multitarget-multisensor tracking in an urban environment: a closed-loop approach

Patricia Barbosa, Edwin Chong, Sofia Suvorova, Bill Moran

Proceedings Volume 6969, 69690W (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777147

KEYWORDS: Motion models, Radar, Sensors, Receivers, Target detection, Signal processing, Transmitters, Monte Carlo methods, Electronic filtering, Active remote sensing

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When compared to tracking airborne targets, tracking ground targets on urban terrains brings a new set of challenges. Target mobility is constrained by road networks, and the quality of measurements is affected by dense clutter, multipath, and limited line-of-sight. We investigate the integration of detection, signal processing, tracking, and scheduling by exploiting distinct levels of diversity: (1) spatial diversity through the use of coordinated multistatic radars; (2) waveform diversity by adaptively scheduling the transmitted radar waveform according to the scene conditions; and (3) motion model diversity by using a bank of parallel filters, each one matched to a different maneuvering model. Specifically, at each scan, the waveform that yields the minimum one-step-ahead error covariance matrix determinant is transmitted; the received signal is then matched-filtered, and quadratic curve fitting is applied to extract range and azimuth measurements that are input to the LMIPDA-VSIMM algorithm for data association and filtering. Monte Carlo simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system on a realistic urban scenario. A more traditional open-loop system, in which waveforms are scheduled on a round-robin fashion and with no other modes of diversity available, is used as a baseline for comparison. Simulation results show that our closed-loop system significantly outperforms the baseline system, presenting both a reduction on the number of lost tracks, and a reduction on the volume of the estimation uncertainty ellipse. The interdisciplinary nature of this work highlights the challenges involved in designing a closed-loop active sensing platform for next-generation urban tracking systems.

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