We present recent advances in the field of quantum cryptography. The system developed at the GTL-CNRS Telecom Lab uses a Single Sideband detection scheme to enable long distance transmission over standard telecom fiber.

An analysis of the generalized coherence of multifrequency optical fields is given, both in terms of observable quantities (coherence functions) and in terms of field quantities (analytical signal and amplitude spectral density of the field). The spectral structure of the generalized coherence function for a widespread class of multifrequency optical fields is given. Experimental results obtained by interferometrical investigation of the generalized coherence of such fields are presented.

Singular optics has been recognized as separate important branch of modern physics about 15 years ago. Actually, along this period it was developed as coherent singular optics. Fundamental properties of phase singularities and the most important regularities governing the formation of singular skeletons of the field (such as sign principles) have been established both for scalar (uniformly polarized) and for vector (spatially non-uniformly polarized) monochromatic optical fields. Development of coherent singular optics continues. The most interesting and promising event of the last years, especially since 2002, consists in the tendency to expand the singular optical principles on the field of partially coherent light fields. In this context, physically new singular optical concepts are derived, new experimental instrumentation is developed, and new promising applications of the singular optical approaches are elucidated. Analysis of last achievements in the field of singular optics leads to the conclusion on coming into being of new branch of this area of investigation, which can be referred to as the correlation singular optics. It is remarkable that fruitfulness of this new R&D direction is essentially determined by the concepts and results of classical wave optics, which were developed irrespective of the singular optical paradigm.

We elaborate new technique of singular Stokes polarimetry for investigation full set of elliptical field characteristics. Full set of topological structures were discussed and measured for complicated elliptical field at first. Total confirmation of sign and loop rules and "networks" with all topological structures were obtained. The different statistics of topological features for fibers and diffusers were obtained and discussed. Possible applications of Stokes-polarimetry for singular optics are discussed.

It is shown that polarization singularities of vector field are connected with the presence or absence of the angular momentum of electromagnetic field. Namely, in the vicinity of C-point the orbital angular momentum is observed, while the spin momentum is indefinite (vanishes) on the s-contour.

The frequency shift of a helical light beam experiencing the rotation near the axis differing from its own axis (conical evolution) is studied theoretically. Both the energy and the kinematic approaches lead to a paradoxical conclusion that after a whole cycle of the system rotation the beam does not return to its initial state. Another paradox is manifested in the peculiar behavior of the beam transverse pattern rotation at different geometric parameters of the evolving system. A fundamental role of the detecting system motion is substantiated. The special "natural" observer's motion is found for which both paradoxes are eliminated. Relations of the described facts with the Hannay's geometric phase concept are discussed.

A diffraction technique for diagnostics of phase singularities occurring at optical beams is presented. It is shown that both the phase twirling (clockwise or counterclockwise) of a vortex optical beam and the modulus of an azimuthal mode index of the beam are directly and unambiguously determined on the bending of interference fringes in a strip Young's interference experiment. Applicability of the proposed technique into diagnostics of phase singularities kind of non-localized dark interference fringes and into revealing of optical vortices at developed speckle fields at far zone is demonstrated. Advantages of the diffraction diagnostics of phase singularities at optical fields against the classical interference testing are argued.

A simple method for creation of 'rainbow' polychromatic optical vortices using a point-like white-light source and the computer-generated hologram technique is reported. The conditions of spatial stability of long-distance propagating rainbow optical vortices are established, as well as the regularities governing the radial alternation of colors. The diffraction technique for revealing and diagnostics of vortices at partially coherent beam [Opt. Lett. 28, 878, 2003] is for the first time applied to polychromatic beams supporting phase singularities.

This work presents an analysis of optical vortex beams with integer and fractional topological charges, produced by binary computer-generated holograms. In the case of integer topological charge, diffraction of a Gaussian beam by the hologram creates an optical vortex beam with amplitude distribution, which can be described in the far field by the Kummer function. We introduced for such beams the name “Kummer beams”. An analysis of the optical vortex beam with 1/2 fractional topological charge shows that it can be represented in the far field as a superposition of a vortex-free wave and single-charged anisotropic optical vortex.

Nongeneric polarization structures of the vortex beams resulting from coherent coaxial mixing of orthogonally polarized one-charged Laguerre-Gaussian modes with different mode numbers are analyzed. General solution is derived for a superposition of elliptically orthogonally polarized partial vortex beams, and the limiting partial cases when the mixed modes are polarized linearly or circularly are explored both theoretically and experimentally. It is established that in such combined beams unusual spatially stable polarization structures arise, such as closed C -- contours and L -- contours with a constant azimuth of linear polarization.

It is shown that the spatial coherent beanes interference of various polarization forms stationary fields, which intensity and polarization's distribution depend on dimensional orientation of the analysis plane.

The results of experimental investigations of the suggested method of phase-amplitude processing of the recorded speclograms are presented. The effectiveness of the method on the example of reconstruction of distant object's macroform from autocorrelation function.

3-D optical fluorescent microscopy becomes now an efficient tool for volumic investigation of living biological samples. The 3-D data can be acquired by Optical Sectioning Microscopy which is performed by axial stepping of the object versus the objective. For any instrument, each recorded image can be described by a convolution equation between the original object and the Point Spread Function (PSF) of the acquisition system. To assess performance and ensure the data reproducibility, as for any 3-D quantitative analysis, the system indentification is mandatory. The PSF explains the properties of the image acquisition system; it can be computed or acquired experimentally. Statistical tools and Zernike moments are shown appropriate and complementary to describe a 3-D system PSF and to quantify the variation of the PSF as function of the optical parameters. Some critical experimental parameters can be identified with these tools. This is helpful for biologist to define an aquisition protocol optimizing the use of the system. Reduction of out-of-focus light is the task of 3-D microscopy; it is carried out computationally by deconvolution process. Pre-filtering the images improves the stability of deconvolution results, now less dependent on the regularization parameter; this helps the biologists to use restoration process.

New feasibilities are considered for optical correlation diagnostics of rough surfaces with different distributions of irregularities. The influence of deviations of the height surface roughness distribution from a Gaussian probability distribution on the accuracy of optical analysis is discussed. The possibilities for optical diagnostics of fractal surface structures are shown and the set of statistical and dimensional parameters of the scattered fields for surface roughness diagnostics is determined. Fast operating measuring devices for roughness control are proposed.

The relevance of scanning near-field scanning optical microscopy (SNOM) for optical characterization of semiconductors with quantum dots is presented. The SNOM technique and some of its properties appropriate to real-time in-situ measurements are evaluated. Several optical characterization methods -- widely used in the far-field, including reflectance, reflectance-difference spectroscopy, and carrier lifetime, are estimated for their use with SNOM. Experimental data are included for some of these methods. Numerous standard optical characterization methods can be coupled with SNOM to provide higher spatial resolution. The applicability of SNOM as a real-time in-situ probe shares some of the problems of other local probe methods, but offers enough new capabilities to assure its application.

An optical method of non-destructive analysis of grain and pore size distribution and porosity of rock samples at the well site during drilling has been developed. The oblique coherent incoherent light is used to produce four monochrome images of a sample's surface taken with illumination from different directions. Processing of the intensity distributions of the images allows separation of information about grain sizes from pore sizes and provides a binary image of the porous surface. Digital image processing is then applied, to identify and delineate grains and pores and produce statistical distributions to characterize the porous surface viz. pore and grain size distributions and porosity.

In this paper we consider super-resolution by digital holography. We start from an early experiment by Wolter (1964); from its analysis we derive some examples where we obtain parameters of dipole arrays from measurements in the far field. We show (by relevant example) that it is possible to represent (reflecting) objects by arrays of dipoles. The measurement of complex field amplitudes in the far field is limited by noise. When we use the Gerchberg algorithm to reconstruct the field in the object plane, most of this noise is filtered away. This leads to an increase SNR of the total reconstruction process; we can hope for a resolution of the order of λ/10. We propose an optical set-up with which an experimental confirmation can be realized.

The computer and physical simulation scattering of light by the system of brownian particles is carried out. Is obtained, that temporary fluctuations of a field intensity saves chaotic properties of driving of particles. Is retrieved empirical diagnostic links of the largest Lyapunov exponent of fluctuations of a field intensity with parameters of the dispersive media.

The experimental investigation results of the surface and volumetric scattering regularities of polarized radiation by a layer of orientation particles are presented. Methodically the investigations are executed on the basis of study the structure and regularities of a functional dependence of the components of diffuse and mirror reflection matrixes of particles layer. The experiment was made at different orientation angles θ of particles and scattering angles α for two angles of an irradiation β = 20° and 60°. It is shown, that the components of the mirror reflection matrixes are more sensitive to the change of an orientation angle of particles layer than the components of its diffuse reflection matrix.

Considering propagation of radiation through light-scattering layers (such as paints, photomaterials, foils, skin etc.), one usually finds out the total energy absorbed by the layer using any experimental, analytical or computational methods. It is insufficient for solving of some practical problems. It is important to know the distribution of the absorbed energy among disperse layer components, i.e. among a disperse phase and a bulk. The method is proposed for estimation of quantity of absorbed energy and its deep distribution separately for each structure component of the layer, i.e. for particles and a bulk. The computational results are given for a layer with the following parameters: a mean size of light-scattering particles, d = 0.3 mcm; size distribution of particles is logarithmically normal one with polydispersity, C_v=20%; volume concentration of particles, V_c=5, 7.5, 10 and 15%; thickness of the layer, H=10 mcm. Computations were performed for wavelength λ = 442 nm.

The Kubelka-Munk model is widely applied to the investigation of light-scattering layers of various kinds, such as biotissues, leaves of plants, paints etc. Disadvantage of this model is that it does not take into account the real interfaces. As a result, the measured magnitudes of optical characteristics must to be corrected. In part, one must to know the coefficient of internal reflection of light-scattering layer. In this paper we propose the method for evaluation of this parameter by statistical simulation and present the results of computation.

Undersurface electro structurezation of a glass-physical phenomenon that was reviled during experimental processing of surfaces of glass plates in vacuum with a glow discharge. As a result of effect of electric power fields at the undersurface zone of glass the interference figure of fringes of equal thickness appears. There are no references to the similar effect found in scientific literature.

We provided a detailed theoretical analysis of the non-linear kinetics in spin-crossover compounds with the application of the nonequilibrium potential conception. Probability stationary density of spin-crossover system at the presence of a week external noise of thermal origin and the mean first passage time of the potential barrier were obtained.

The series of GaAs and SiO₂ samples with the specially prepared one- and two-dimensional surface reliefs have been investigated by the methods of integral and differential curve of X-ray total external reflection. The direct and inverse problems were solved, taking into consideration data obtained by the method of atomic-force microscopy. The theoretical curves of total external reflection are calculated and the parameters describing a surface relief of the samples are restored. The fractal approach for describing of the shape of differential curves and surface profiles was used.

By a numerical solution of the system of Takagi differential equations, the influence of a thin subsurface strained layer and a system of equal strained layers on three-beam diffraction effects of X-ray scattering in A³B⁵ compounds and diamond crystals have been investigated. It is established that the degree of suppression or enhancement of three-beam anomalous transmission significantly depends on the influence of the parameters of the strained layer on various effects typical for each multiple configuration, as well as on the structural features of the crystals being considered.

The secondary processes in monocrystalline Si before and after high-energy electron irradiation (about 18 MeV) and combined electron and gamma irradiation have been studied using the X-ray diffraction analysis and the method of internal friction in the infra-sound frequency range. It was shown that the irradiation influences on the degree of structural perfection of crystals and significantly deforms the infra-sound absorption spectrum and leads to an amplitude dependencies of the effective shear modulus (G_ef) and to its temperature hysteresis. Presumptions about the nature of the observed phenomena were advanced.

The influence of transverse ultrasonic wave parameters on the diffraction contrast forming on X-ray section topographs for microdefects and dislocations was investigated by the numerical solution of Takagi's equations system. The corresponding changes of integral characteristics of structural imperfections for real crystals were analyzed also.

The multilayer nano-scale systems contained one or two quantum wells In_xGa_1-xAs_1-yN_y have been investigated by double-crystal X-ray diffractometry. The growth conditions, composition of initial compounds were considered. It is shown that the processes of interdiffusion of In and Ga atoms nearby the interfaces of layer with QW were took place and influenced on the properties of considered multilayer systems. The principle structural parameters of multilayered In_xGa_1-xAs_1-yN_y/GaAs systems and contents of nitrogen in the quantum well and buffer layers were estimated.

The influence of laser irradiation in ultraviolet region of spectrum on the optical properties of the cadmium telluride surface layers has been investigated. It was found that the properties of the cadmium telluride surface layers determined by the recombination with the participation of band-band transition and through the local levels. These local levels determined the processes of the reversible in time photoluminescent relaxation.

The influence of bending waves on the warm-up behavior of exciton absorption bands in layer crystals had been investigated. The effective mass of the current carriers in the layer semiconductor PbI₂ has been computed and used to obtain the values of the exciton-phonon interaction function by pseudopotential method energy spectra calculations. It was shown that the different signs of the warm-up dynamics of an exciton absorptions peak shift and existence of inversion points is related with the concurrent influence of two exciton energy relaxation mechanisms -- on both the bending waves and the lattice phonons.

The effect of a magnetic field on the development of the nonlinear absorption in organic semiconductors and on the formation of the hysteresis loop in the incoming-outgoing light intensity dependence has been investigated. The form function of the exciton absorption is calculated, taking into account three factors: the heavy exciton density, the polarization of the excitation wave and the weak magnetic field. It is shown that an appropriate change of these values allows one to form a hysteresis loop, and thus to form optical bistability (OB) with preset parameters.

The impact of the heating electronic field and longitudinal quantizing magnetic field (within quantum limit and under random degree of quantization) on electronic gas of non-degenerate semiconductors has been investigated by means of the technique of effective electronic temperature. The relaxation by the energy and impulse on the acoustic phonons has been considered. The difference of electronic temperature dependence on the magnetic field intensity has been obtained. In the quantum limit the inelasticity of the scattering of carriers, localized in the plane orthogonal to the magnetic field, removes their heating, making the power transfer to crystalline lattice rather sufficient.

The problem of three-dimensional (3-D) object recognition is addressed. Range images permit the description of 3-D surfaces with a significant reduction of the complexity of the processing. The encoding of range images as phase gives a simple and straightforward method for parallel processing of these images. In this contribution we propose the use of range images encoded as phase to deal with the detection of three dimensional objects. The use of Fourier transform profilometry can serve for real time optical implementation of correlators based on this encoding, using a joint transform correlator or a VanderLugt one. The extension to scale and in-plane rotation invariant detection is discussed and implemented in a simple optoelectronic system. Furthermore, a method for full 3-D rotation invariant detection is presented. A simplified approach allowing only rotation around an axis perpendicular point of view permits the implementation with a conventional correlator.

Although optical tweezers have been a valuable research tool since their invention in the 1980s, they have remained limited for many years to trapping only one particle per laser beam. One of the most exciting developments in optical tweezers in recent years has been the creation of two- and three-dimensional arrays of optical traps by using diffractive optical elements (DOEs). We have developed our own algorithms and codes to design phase DOEs that can transform a single laser beam into an array of independent traps, each with individually specified characteristics, arranged in various geometrical configurations. The DOEs were fabricated by means of e-beam lithography in PMMA and recently were implemented in computer addressed liquid crystal spatial modulators. This allows us to control the configuration of the optical tweezers almost in real time. Experimental results presented in this paper show trapping and manipulation of multiple silica micro-spheres immersed in water. The trapped particles are moved independently along the x-y-z directions and rotated along circular trajectories with different angular velocities.

We present the optical implementation of dynamic diffractive optical elements on different types of commercially available spatial light modulators; one using twisted-nematic liquid crystals, one using analog ferro-electric liquid crystals and one using a matrix of micromirrors. Experimental results are shown and the various implementations are compared.

The paper gives a review of interferometric tomography with focus on their necessary modification when applied to 3D refractive index determination in micro-objects. Specifically the influence of diffraction phenomenon and radial run-out occurring during measurement are analyzed. The analysis is confirmed by results of measurements of 3D refractive index distribution in a multimode and single mode fibers. Additionally the discussion of future work at photoelastic tomography applied for microobjects is given.

Effect of the standard size of pipes made from 08x18H10T austenitic chromium-nickel steel on the level of residual weld stresses on the inner surface in the weld junction area were experimentally studied by holographic interferometry. The results obtained in the course of experimental investigations reveal that one can control the level of residual stresses within the certain limits by matching diameter and wall thickness of the pipes. For the welding practice accepted for pipes 300 mm in passage diameter made from 08 x 18H10T austenitic chromium-nickel steel it is better to use pipes Θ 273 x 11 mm. In this case the tension welding stress does not exceed 110 MPa, while it makes up 325 MPa in the heating area of the weld for pipes 325 x 12 mm. Technique and instrumentation for holographic inspection of residual welding stresses is described.

The comparative analysis of the characteristics for combined correlators-interferometers is given for the cases of two-beam recording in thin and thick media. It has been noted that the thick medium recording provides the output data bigger accuracy than thin medium recording. Another advance of thick medium recording is the possibility to obtain the set of correlograms describing the object state variations in different moments. This possibility appears due to the multiplexing procedure performance.

Acousto-optic correlators AOC are commonly used not only for the signal correlation function obtaining but also for providing the wideband RF signal spectrum analysis. The AOC basic configuration is also known as a scheme of acousto-optic spectrum analyzer (AOSA) with time integration. The RF signal spectrum analysis using this device allows to obtain high frequency resolution but requires rather long time. We have proposed to combine the advantages of AOC and common spectrum analyzer based on single Bragg cell (also known as analyzer with space integration) to obtain higher processing productivity which requires both big processing speed and high frequency resolution. It has been shown that if the panoramic spectrum observation is performed using the mode of sequential processing of sub-bands, so the frequency range of about 1...2 GHz can be processed with frequency resolving power of 10...100 Hz. The experimental realization of AOSA and AOC application for the purpose of radio air panoramic observation have been presented. The acousto-optic units have been created using Bragg cells based on tellurium dioxide single crystals with piezoelectric transducers based on the plates of lithium niobate. Different operation modes have been considered from the point of view of maximum information productivity.

We present a compact, low-cost optical method for detection of in-plane speckle translation, which e.g. could be a measure of in-plane translation or rotation of a solid structure. The speckles are produced by illuminating a non-specular target surface with coherent light. The scattered light propagates through free-space to the sensor inlet. The sensor is based on a lenticular array, which implements a narrow spatial band-pass filter, acting on the translating speckle patterns. The sensor detects speckle translation, which for the given configuration can be caused to detect both translation and rotation of the target. The presented free space propagation design can provide a sensor with no direct sensitivity on the working distance. The electrical signals from the sensor are processed with a digital algorithm, based on zero-crossings detection to provide real-time displacement measurements. The spatial filter of the sensor is characterized here, and the precision of the sensor, integrated with a processor, which applies zero-crossing detection to the signal, is considered.

Technical problems related to the determination of the holographic image field distribution and demonstrations that the holographic imaging can be reduced to the imaging by an optical system are presented. Formulae describing the holographic image of the point and the object field distributions are found. The influence of individual factors of the pupil function, such as a possibility of the reconstructed beam apodization, a difference between reconstructed and reference beams and focusing of the reference beam, is emphasized. Applications to the surface shape measurement using interferometric fringe projection system and the observation of object phase changes in real time are demonstrated.

Electronically-recorded holography is one technique for 3-dimensional imaging that avoids the requirements of wet-chemical development in conventional photographically recorded holography. It is capable of video-rate recording, and numerical reconstruction permits near real-time imaging. However, the size and pixel pitch of currently available CCD or CMOS sensors restricts its performance, particularly in regard to recordable object volume and spatial resolution. Spatial resolution with in-line recording geometry and collimated illumination is restricted to be no better than the pixel pitch of the recording sensor: however, this limit can be overcome by divergent-beam illumination, at the cost of some further reduction in object volume. We present a number of reconstruction algorithms for electronically recorded holograms, especially those suited to in-line holography using divergent-beam illumination. These algorithms are based on variations of numerical modeling of the diffraction process, as used in the physical reconstruction of conventional holograms. The performances of these algorithms are compared, using simulated and real holograms, and conclusions are drawn for the practical limitations on performance of electronically recorded holography. Applications are demonstrated for the study of sediment transport, and of biologically mediated re-suspension processes (bioturbation) in estuarine sediments, by electronic recording of holographic video.

In this overview of the entire HoloMar system, we describe the design, development and field deployment of the fully-functioning, prototype, underwater holographic camera (HoloCam) followed by the dedicated replay facility (HoloScan) and the associated image processing and extraction of data from the holograms. The HoloCam consists of a laser and power supply, holographic recording optics and holographic plate holders, a water-tight housing and a support frame. It incorporates two basic holographic geometries, in-line and off-axis such that a wide range of species, sizes and concentrations can be recorded. After holograms have been recorded and processed thay are reconstructed in full three-dimensional detail in air in a dedicated replay facility. A computer controlled microscope, using video cameras to record the image at a given depth, is used to digitize the scene. Specially developed software extracts a binarized image of an object in its true focal plane and is classified using a neural network. The HoloCam was deployed on separate cruises in a Scottish sea loch (Loch Etive) to a depth of 100 m and over 300 holograms recorded.

We propose two techniques for measuring of roughness, based on measurement of a phase variance of the boundary object field and on a transverse coherence function of a field, as well as the devices implementing these techniques.

An analytical treatment of optical surface plasmon-polaritons (SPP) existing on double-periodic high reflective media is presented. Periodicity, caused by the modulation of either complex dielectric permittivity or relief of the surface leads to the change of SPP dispersion relation due to coupling of the inoculating SPPs existing on the unmodulated boundary, and frequency gaps arising at the Brillouin zone edges. The SPP spectra for different types of periodicity/symmetry are investigated, in particular, the different couplings between several initial SPP are compared. Simple analytical expressions for the SPP dispersion relation are obtained using modified perturbation theory. The dependence of the dispersion relation on the parameters of the problem is examined.

The new method of a spectrum analysis of optical radiation is offered. It uses at its basis radio-frequency selection of a signal obtained in a Fourier spectrometer with uniform periodic shift of a movable mirror. The offered method can be used for making a portative spectrometer that ensures a high resolving power at small shifts of a movable mirror.

The FFT images optical superposition regularities are investigated for the general case of two shifted and modulated by the plane wave optical signals. Principal possibility of the optical superposition of two images in the FFT domain at an arbitrary value of parameter p is theoretically proved. Numerical results which demonstrate forming of the height-contrast interference band pattern in the FFT images optical superposition point are given. Domains of the FFT realization in the optical systems are investigated.

The basic photo-electric properties of contacts of oxide semiconductor (In₂O₃, SnO₂, ITO) with cadmium telluride and with indium selenide are analyzed from the point of view of their use as photodetectors for an optical tomography.

We have suggested a statistical approach for estimation of the optical noise of correlation field of two classes of random binary phase elements (BPE): the random orthogonal BPE with mixed elements and the random orthogonal BPE with mixed rows and columns. We have constructed the statistical distributions of correlation coefficients; on their basis we have calculated analytically the ensemble averages of the intensity of the random BPE autocorrelation field and its square-mean fluctuations. We have reported the results of numerical computations of the averaged values of intensity of autocorrelation field and its fluctuations according to the exact formulas; we have shown that these results are in a good agreement with the results obtained with the help of analytical formulas. We have obtained the analytical expressions for estimation of the optical notice in the plane of autocorrelation field of different types of random BPE.

A new approach towards solving the pattern recognition problems in hybrid optical-digital 4F correlators is suggested. The method is based on that during the realization of the recognition procedure in the optical-digital correlator instead of real amplitude or amplitude-phase objects incoming on its input there is proposed to use synthesized phase (SP) objects unambiguously related to it. SP-objects represent object-dependent phase distributions calculated with application of iterative Fourier-transform (IFT) algorithm. Replacement of real objects with SP-objects allows to unify the shape (form) of correlation signals and so to formalize the procedure of choice of recognition attributes for objects of arbitrary classes. The modified recognition procedure in optical-digital correlators is presented, the influence of noises and distortions in the structure of input object upon characteristics of cross-correlation signal of corresponding SP-objects is studied. Numerical simulation results are presented.

The investigation of possibilities of laser stokespolarimetry of soft (parenchymatous) biological tissue (BT) in the diagnostics of the appearance and development of pathological changes was presented. The proposed technique of BT image laser stokespolarimetry was founded out its high diagnostic sensitivity to the appearance of inflammatory pathological processes in myocardium tissue and parenchymatous tissues of the other organs.

In this paper the formation of erythrocyte aggregates and their sedimentation was studied by optical method. The movement and aggregation of erythrocytes produce a variation in scattered-light intensity. The well-mixed blood sample at hematocrit of 5% was vertically scanned by laser light. The scattered light intensity was continuously recorded and analyzed. The initially observed increase in the transmitted-light intensity reflected the reorganization of the structure formed by erythrocytes, and was followed by the decrease of light intensity due to an increase of blood sample optical density. In blood samples of 5% hematocrit the new, specific sedimentation curve was obtained. From this curve three different phases of sedimentation process can be distinguished. In the first phase no deposit is observed. This phase corresponds to falling of single cells as well as formation and sedimentation of small aggregates takes place. The second phase, when rapid growth of deposit is observed, corresponds to formation and sedimentation of rouleaux and large aggregates. Finally in the third phase the boundary between deposit and settling cells is slowly going down due to packing of erythrocyte aggregates. These results show that in blood samples of low hematocrit both the kinetics of erythrocyte aggregation and sedimentation process are different from those of the blood with normal and high hematocrit.

The features of polarization tomography of optically anisotropic architectonic nets of biotissues (BT) of different morphological structure have been investigated. The features of phase tomography (PT) of skin derma, muscular and bone BT have been experimentally investigated. The interrelation between the PT structure and BT physiological state has been determined. The criteria of early diagnostics of the appearance of degenerative-dystrophic and pathological changes of the structure of BT optically anisotropic architectonics have been determined.

The Stockes-polarimetric method of information polarization selection, which is effective in phase-inhomogeneous layer (PIL) diagnostics and provides the 2-order level of increasing the "signal-noise" relation (SNR) in their images has been presented. The technique of BT's polarization visualization and SNR increasing of the image of BT's architectonics has been elaborated. The possibilities of polarization-correlation analyses of architectonics images of the BT have been studied.

The paper presents the results of polarization-correlation investigation of multifractal collagen structure of physiologically normal and pathologically changed tissues of women's reproductive sphere. The technique of polarization selection of coherent biotissues' images with the following determination of their autocorrelation functions and spectral densities is suggested. The correlation-optical criteria of early diagnostics of pathological changes' appearance of background and precancrous endometrial states are determined. The suggested paper is directed to investigation of the possibilities of pathological changes of biotissues' morphological structure by means of determining the polarizationally filtered autocorrelation functions (ACF).

The paper deals with the studying of prognostic possibilities of determining the orientation structure of endometrial strome in the normal state and hiperplasia. The laser diagnostic of endometrial state is based on the principles of optical changes of laser radiation during its passing through the histological sample with the following investigation of its wavelet coefficients.

The paper deals with the absorption spectra of bilirubin solutions, patient blood plasma with jaundice manifestations with a different degree of disease and whole blood. Using as an analysis base the dependencies of blood plasma absorption spectra on bilirubin concentration in this blood there has been proposed the method of disease diagnostics with jaundice manifestations, and there has been realized the corresponding portable laboratory device, the functioning of which is based on registering the radiation propagated through the ear lobule.

The results of statistical analysis of Doppler spectra of intensity fluctuations of light, scattered from mucous membrane of oral cavity of healthy volunteers and patients, abused by the orthodontic diseases, are presented. Analysis of Doppler spectra, obtained from tooth pulp of patients, is carried out. New approach to monitoring of blood microcirculation in orthodontics is suggested. Influence of own noise of Doppler measuring system on formation of the output signal is studied.

Integrated device for laser therapy and monitoring of blood microcirculation has been developed. Influence of laser irradiation on the statement of blood microcirculation in mucous membrane of human oral cavity has been investigated. Changes of blood saturation and velocity of blood microcirculation have been studied by methods of laser photoplethysmography and Doppler diagnostics. Influence of coherent light on the intensity of microcirculation in the capillary net of mucous membrane has been demonstrated directly during the short-time session of laser therapy.

Influence of low-coherent speckles on the colonies grows is investigated. It has been demonstrated that effects of light on the inhibition or reactivation of cells are connected with speckle dynamics. The model of free-radicals mechanisms of laser-tissue interaction is simulated by bacteria suspension, containing exogenous photosensitizers in low concentration. The regimes of cell suspension perfusion with purpose of bacteria devitalization, are found.

Specific features of the formation of local and statistical polarization structures of laser radiation scattered in phase-inhomogeneous layers (PIL) of biological tissue (BT) were studied. The distribution of azimuth and eccentricity of boundary field polarization was found to correlate with the orientation-phase structure of multifractal PIL. A method of polarization phase reconstruction of BT architectonics was suggested.

The process of transformation of polarization and correlation structure of low-intensive laser radiation by the skin is discussed in this paper. The method of matrix modeling of optical properties of epidermis and derma of the skin is suggested. On this basis the mechanisms of transformation of the polarization of the scattered lasr radiation field's state and forming the coherent biospeckles ensemble are analyzed. The tchnique of polarization diagnostics of the skin's derma collagen net structure is suggested.

The interrelation of orientation, anisotropy structure of biotissue architectonics and topological element distribution of John's Matrices is investigated here. It is researched the analytical correlation of bioobject John's Matrices microstructure with matrix element indices measured in the far field of Fraunhofer's diffraction. The investigation is also dealt with the computer modeling and experimental researching the structure of matrix operator of multifractal amorphous-crystalline organization of different morphological structure biotissues.

The aim of this paper is an analytical review of physiochemical properties of the bile based on polarizing-optical demonstrations of its structure, an elaboration of polarizing diagnostics principles of diseases of women's reproductive sphere (WRS).

In report a new method of quantitative determination of apoptosis parameters in cellular suspensions using correlation optic methods is considered. The principle of the new optical verification method is described. This method includes sounding of liquid flow with monochromatic coherent light, registration of impulse signals resulting from interaction of sounding radiation with cells, and measuring impulses' amplitude and duration and construction on the basis of obtained measurement results functions of two-dimensional pulses' amplitudes and duration distribution that express statistical intensity characteristics of light scattering by cells. On the basis of obtained functions the size distribution of cells is determined and apoptosis parameters are estimated. Results of apoptotic cells of K562 line (human leukemia), induced by cisplatin action, are described.

In report described methods of correlation optics, which are based on the analysis of intensity changes of quasielastic light scattering by micro-organisms and allow the type of correlation function to obtain information about the size of dispersive particles. The principle of new optical method of verification is described. In this method the gauging of intensity of an indirect illumination is carried out by static spectroscopy and processing of observed data by a method of correlation spectroscopy. The given mode of gauging allows measuring allocation of micro-organisms in size interval of 0.1 - 10.0 microns. In the report results of examinations of cultures Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus lutteus, Lamprocystis and Triocapsa bacteriachlorofil are considered.

Diagnostics of inflammatory-destructive diseases of the abdominal cavity organs is performed by the determined spectra of luminescence of venous blood plasma. The shift of the photoluminescence maximum beginning with the wavelength 474 nm into short-wave zone proves the presence of the acute inflammatory-destructive diseases and exacerbation of the pathological process.