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Recent controversial studies reporting racial bias in pulse oximetry measurements have highlighted the need for well-validated, objective techniques for assessing skin pigmentation. To address the increased interest in classification of skin using visible to near infrared reflectance measurements, we provide a thorough critical review of melanometers – devices that estimate melanin content – and skin colorimeters. This review focuses on working mechanisms and assessing the degree to which scientific data supports the use of these devices. Additionally, we describe approaches for standardization and relevant emerging optical techniques.
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Sandhya Vasudevan, William C. Vogt, Sandy Weininger, Joshua Pfefer, "Melanometry for objective evaluation of skin pigmentation in pulse oximetry studies: a critical analysis," Proc. SPIE PC12370, Design and Quality for Biomedical Technologies XVI, PC123700D (6 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2649154