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Biofuel cell self-powered biosensor (BFC-SPB) represents an external-energy-equipment-free sensing system which is capable of continuously providing precious quantitative analytical information of various analytes. Recently, we focused on designing novel BFC-SPBs to realize the efficient disease early warning and timely treating. We developed the first ultra-sensitive self-powered cytosensors for the detection of acute leukemia CCRF-CEM cells. We also succeeded in constructing a self-powered system which could quantify two types of cancer-related biomarkers. And then, we developed a highly integrated self-powered sensing system by combining the BFC-SPB and the membrane separation technology. To advance the application of BFC-SPB in disease treatment, we have devised a high-compact and self-sustained theranostic platform which possessed triple cascaded “diagnosis-therapy- therapeutic evaluation” functions. The presented platform hints a sustainable cross-link between BFC and advanced theranostic, further offering guidance towards adjusting the preclinical medication to achieve preferable personalized medicine at an economical cost.
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