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A review of the photochemical methods that are applicable to purification of the rare earths in the liquid state is presented. Of the types of processes possible in solution, photoredox has been applied to the isolation of both europium (with separation factors exceeding 1000) and cerium from mixtures of lanthanides. Photosubstitution is the method of choice for those lanthanides displaying only one stable oxidation state in solution and has been demonstrated for the first time using chelates of europium.
Terence Donohue
"Laser Purification Of The Rare Earths", Proc. SPIE 0158, Laser Spectroscopy: Applications and Techniques, (9 November 1978); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.956822
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Terence Donohue, "Laser Purification Of The Rare Earths," Proc. SPIE 0158, Laser Spectroscopy: Applications and Techniques, (9 November 1978); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.956822