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2.2Photon noisePhoton noise in bolometric detection is the result of fluctuations in the arrival times of photons at the absorbing element28,31,32 Equation 4b is a corrected version of Eq. 4a that was added via a 2023 erratum to the original 2018 publication. There are two contributions to NEPph. The first term represents shot noise NEPshot, which dominates when the photon occupation number <<1 (e.g. optical wavelengths) and is . The second term represents wave noise NEPwavc, which dominates when the photon occupation number is >> 1 (e.g. radio wavelengths) and is cc Popt. For ground-based experiments, the photon occupation number at ~ 100 GHz is ~ 1, and therefore a careful handling of both terms is necessary for an accurate NET estimate. |