As one of the most well-known phase retrieval approaches, the transport of intensity equation (TIE) provides a new non-interferometric way to access quantitative phase information through intensity only measurement. In this talk, we provide an overview of the basic principle, research fields, and representative applications of TIE, focusing particularly on optical imaging, metrology, and microscopy. These results highlight a new era in which strict coherence and interferometry are no longer prerequisites for quantitative phase imaging and diffraction tomography, paving the way toward new generation label-free three-dimensional microscopy.
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