Here we present highly efficient, large-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs) where the perovskite active layer is deposited by thermal co-evaporation. The co-evaporated MAPbI3 perovskite films are pinhole-free and uniform over several centimeters, showing low surface roughness, and a long carrier lifetime. The perovskite films’ high-quality lets the fabrication of small area PSCs (0.16 cm2) with PCEs above 20%, high reproducibility in both n.i.p and p.i.n configurations, and an impressive thermal and environmental stability over months. Similarly, the first co-evaporated mini-modules (20 cm2) achieved record PCEs above 18.%.
We have also developed colored semi-transparent PSCs and mini-modules. The semi-transparent PSCs achieved PCEs consistently ~16.0% for the wide range of colors realized.
Our work represents a significant step towards the development of large-area PSCs and mini-modules and the future commercialization of perovskite technology.
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