This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 11877, including the Title Page, Copyright information, and Table of Contents.

Wound care is as aged as the mankind. Different kind of woven and nonwoven dressings are being used for all types of burn wounds. Many of the researchers worked on the non-adherent dressings. Achieving the non-adhesiveness compromised on many other factors such as exudates absorption, leaching of paraffin oil/wax into the wound, healing process, and antibacterial properties etc. This research work fulfills almost all the gaps with low cost. Gauze dressings coated with paraffin oil were impregnated with different combination of sodium alginate, chitosan, PVA and honey. Besides this silver was also used to enhance the antibacterial properties. SEM was used to analyze the surface morphology before and after applying different biocompatible materials (alginate, PVA and chitosan) in combination with honey and silver salt. Comfort properties (stiffness and moisture management) and antibacterial efficacy of developed samples was evaluated by following the standard test methods. Independent t-test proved significant difference between the stiffness results depending on the drying method. But the t-test results showed that there was no significant difference of drying method on the overall moisture management capability (OMMC). All the developed gauze dressing pads (GDPs) showed good antibacterial against both gram positive (S. Aureus) and gram negative (E. Coli) bacterial strains, but the combination of chitosan, silver and honey has shown larger zone of inhibition for both strains. Thus, on the behalf of the antibacterial activity, stiffness, and moisture management the dressing with composition; chitosan+ silver+ honey can be the best choice for partial thickness burn wounds.

For the development of the country, energy contributes an important role. To increase energy demand enormously, the author has built a Custom-Building Information Modeling (BIM) tool for low-energy building by using C# language that may have the capability to produce an optimum renewable energy solution based on the load requirements. The tool is up-to-date with Market rates and provides an efficient energy design solution. This tool is capable of seeking a Paretooptimal solution space by testing out various combinations of energy generation (PV), battery, and inverter requirements and finding the best one. As for determining optimization for PV Sizing, invertor and batteries, the Graphical User Interface (GUI) is created with the help of C# language. By putting the input data for low energy building, BIM tool can automatically generate the overall design scheme and budget requirement.

Vertical field effect light emitting transistors (VFELETs) have an advantage over lateral ones because they have the ability to conveniently decrease the channel volume. In the VFELET both current density and cut-off frequency are enhanced by this. Current work presents a highly efficient VFELET simulation process based on CdSe quantum dots in which the ITO gate is accompanied by dielectric A_l2O₃. While using AgNW as drain material and Au as source. By changing gate voltage as well as V_ds, the output of the VFELET is greatly improved. The 10^-5A I_d has been achieved by using V_gs 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6V. In addition, a higher EQE (2.6 %) and maximum luminance (1.1 × 10⁴ cd m^-2) have also been achieved in current work.

Computational chemistry has been proved as a main tool for the mechanistic study of a chemical reaction. Transesterification of triglycerides (TG) has been gained more importance for the formation of biodiesel (BD). In this study, mechanistic detail of base catalyzed transesterification reaction of tributyrin is explored and compared with un-catalyzed transesterification reaction by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Results revealed that the formation of adduct (tetrahedral intermediate) in each pathway is rate controlling step and the transesterification of middle (C-2) bond of ester in tributyrin is energetically more favorable with lower energy of activation (1.64 kcal/mol) as compare to peripheral (C-3 and C-1) bonds of ester with 2.27 kcal/mol energy of activation. In addition, presence of alkali catalyst reduced the barrier of energy from 41.43 kcal/mol to 1.61 kcal/mol. Our findings offer reliable basic theoretical data for the understanding of transesterification reaction of tributyrin for BD production.

Plants have astonishing ability to yield and release a variety of organic and inorganic compounds into the rhizosphere known as root exudates. The normal yield of these root exudates can be enhanced by applying various abiotic stresses. In current research abiotic stresses i.e. physical and chemical have been used to get desired outcomes for root exudates of canola plant. Effect of abiotic stress on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of root exudates has also been observed. The results showed that by applying abiotic stress the obtained yield came out in the range 1.56 ± 1.79 to 1.97 ± 1.74 percent/100 g DW which was 0.03 percent/100g DW without applying abiotic stress. In addition to this TPC results ranged 31.92 ± 2.22 - 511.3 ± 10.27 mg GAE/g of DW that was higher as compared to the value of control (11.2 ± 2.11 mg GAE/g of DW). The value of IC₅₀ calculated by the DPPH radical scavenging assay was about 0.58 ± 0.02 - 1.71 ± 0.03 mg/mL with abiotic stress as compared to the value of control to be 2.1 ± 0.03 mg/mL that indicated the increasing antioxidant activity with respect to abiotic stress application.

A novel metal complex of acyl thiocarbamide ligand has been synthesized to study the biological activity of this metal complex. These compounds show a wide variety of biological applications, such as antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular. The presence of nitrogen and sulfur donor atoms provides a multitude of bonding possibilities, which enables them to act as versatile ligands. So the novel acyl thiocarbamide ligand was synthesized by reacting potassium thiocyanate with the derivatives of acid chlorides and substituted anilines. Then metal complex was prepared by reacting synthesized acyl thiocarbamide ligand with metal salts in methanol. The obtained products were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and DFT study. Energies and distribution of charge on molecular structure was calculated through DFT study. Nickel based acyl thiocarbamide such as: 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(3-methoxy benzoyl) thiocarbamide has highest bioactivity against antimicrobial and have been assayed against gram negative strains including Enterobacter aerogenes and salmonella typhimurium. The coordination between acylthiocarbamide derivatives proceeded by an exchange reaction, which involved deprotonation of the acyl thioureido group of the ligands during the complexes formation.

Laser engraving, a photonics technology, is one of the most promising technologies required many applications in industry, such as the creation of molds and dies, engraving information i.e. names and serial numbers in the silicon chips, direct engraving of the expiry date on a food package, engraving of an image beneath the surface of a solid material (usual glass), direct engraving of flexographic plates and cylinders [1]. In this method, using a laser beam a solid bulk of the material to be engraved is ablated, following predetermined patterns. This paper is proposed to design and fabricate a 3D printerbased laser engraver for low-cost material processing and electronics applications. The principle of 3D printing and laser engraving has been the subject of a number of articles The 3D printing technology is based on the fused deposition modeling technique (FDM) which is an additive manufacturing process while laser engraving (a subset of laser marking) is based on the subtractive manufacturing process. Both these processes are controlled digitally though they utilize different approaches to build their parts. In 3D printing technology, it extrudes plastic filaments from a nozzle and deposits melted plastic on a plane layer by layer. While in laser engraving technology we use a high-power laser that only moves in 2D motion from point to point to engrave on a plane. In this work, the design and characterization of a 3D printer-based diode laser engraver have been undertaken. The study has aimed at analyzing the effects of laser engraving speed and laser power and how these parameters are linked. The laser power was controlled employing pulse width modulation (PWM).

Thiourea, an O and S containing compound, is an important reagent in organic synthesis, used as a source of sulphides, acts as a reactant in synthesis of many heterocyclic compounds. The presence of O and S donor atoms offers a multitude of bonding possibilities, enables them to act as versatile ligands and form stable complexes. The purpose of this research work was to synthesize the transition metal complex of acyl derivative possessing oxygen and sulfur donor atoms that can act as efficient antibacterial and antifungal agents. An O, S donor ligand was prepared by the reaction between isothiocyanate and substituted amine. Metal complex of this bidentate ligand was synthesized by the reaction between metal salt and ligand. Zinc based thiourea such as: 3-(4-bromobenzoyl)-1-ethyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl) thiourea display a broad spectrum of biological applications. Acyl derivative and its complex was structurally analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Biological activity was checked by preparing different culture media.

Deep UV light has potential and previously been used for deactivating various microorganisms and has shown its germicidal effects. III-Nitride quantum-well based deep UV-LEDs can be used effectively in deactivating pathogens. Several researchers have reported that the deep UV-LEDs are useful in deactivating viruses. However, the data published in the literature seem to be insufficient and inconsistent, thus, necessitating further studies for the use of deep UV-LED to combat COVID virus. This article, therefore, reviews the LED-structure and materials for producing UV-wavelengths for applications in deactivating Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). This incorporates the design and simulation-based Nano- Engineered III-Nitride quantum well deep-UV LEDs that will deliver the required wavelength. The design is based on AlGaN/AlN Multiple Quantum wells (MQWs) for deep-UV LEDs capable of producing the wavelength 250 nm < λ ˂ 300 nm. Material combinations and the device-structures aim to achieve the desired wavelengths, spectral and optical power attributes required to deactivate coronavirus. It utilizes nano-bandgap engineering techniques comprising various Al/Ga compositions and AlN epi-layers, and superlattice structures. Using the appropriate number of quantum wells in the device design will achieve the desired wavelengths and power levels.

The advent of autonomous vehicles requires machine-to-machine interaction to support services for charging the vehicle, running on designated/programmed routes, and following the rules and regulations. The charging/refueling stations are emerging-industry that is compelling service-markets to enable the machine-to-machine interaction. That in turn necessitates supporting the standardized features such as socket-outlets and the power to enable electric vehicles to be charged. This economic shift also introduces vulnerabilities that could result in security and safety concerns; e.g., for the computing on wheels platforms and communications modules with the support infrastructure. In this paper, we consider the security vulnerabilities, e.g., hardware and embedded security primitives that can enforce secure authentication in fog computing environment. That in turn enables secure interactions between the adapting network of vehicles and charging stations. The paper discusses the use of hardware security and trust primitives and authentication protocol for enabling secure autonomous machine-to-machine framework.

Tracking the information flow to mitigate the potential vulnerabilities with localization and accuracy has led to various IFT techniques with different levels of abstraction. However, each technique focusses on a particular level of granularity for information flow control which leads to limited access control or area overhead costs decreasing the precision logic of the system. This paper presents a novel approach providing both fine and coarse grain granularity by integrating Instruction level and Gate level IFT to track the data. The proposed approach translates from Instruction level to Gate level based on the user application and module instantiation.

Polymer matrix composite (PMCs) materials developed by room temperature vulcanization having various compositions i.e. 0, 30.1, 47.8, 59.8, 68.1 and 88.1 wt. % of tungsten incorporated in silicon rubber matrix were investigated using EGS5 Monte Carlo Code. Narrow beam geometry similar to experimental setup was modeled and validated for Monte Carlo simulation by making a comparison with standard XCOM (NIST) results. Gamma-ray shielding features of all composite materials were studied for several photon energies (122, 511, 662, 837, 1173, 1332 and 1811 keV) and compared with the XCOM and previously reported experimental results. Monte Carlo simulation results were in high accordance with the previous experimental study at gamma ray energy of 662 keV and maximum deviation was observed to be around 10 %. Thus, it can be concluded that this method is suitable for predicting the shielding characteristics of different materials. Additionally, mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ), mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL) were determined and effective atomic numbers (Z_eff) is calculated using Power law for all PMCs. PMCs with tungsten loading above 68% showed mass attenuation coefficients greater than lead with additional feature of flexibility which makes them promising candidate in radiation shielding. In addition, these silicon/tungsten composites having 68 and 88 % of tungsten are 3.6 and 1.7 times lighter than lead respectively.

The detection efficiency of a gamma ray detector should be calibrated prior to the measurement of activity in samples. The aim of this research is to develop a simple experimental technique to calibrate the efficiency of detectors for geometrical sources by replicating their responses from virtually equivalent sources (VES) constructed from a collection of Standard Point Source (SPS) measurements. Experiments were performed to replicate the response of a disk source of 5.2 cm radius by equivalent disk sources (EDS) reconstructed from a collection of 19, 91 and 169 SPS measurements to optimize the number of measurements, response of detector for radially symmetric SPS locations was verified through Absolute Peak Efficiency (APE) calculations. APE was calculated experimentally for the actual disk source and EDS as well as using EGS5 simulations. The difference between experimentally measured and simulated APE for 5.2 cm EDS was observed to be about 7.8 %, 5.2 % and 5.4 % for 137Cs and about -1.3 %, 1.3 % and 2.7 % for 22Na for the EDS constructed from 19, 91- and 169 SPS measurements respectively