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1.INTRODUCTIONArtificial intelligence is the study of computer science that simulate certain human thought processes and intelligent behavior (e.g., learning, reasoning, thinking, and planning). By building a system with the assistance from computer, the goal is to study how computers can perform tasks that previously required human intelligence and to realize a new scientific and technological revolution for mankind. Tasks that previously required human intelligence. Artificial intelligence technology is based on computer networks and electronic information systems and incorporates philosophy and social psychology. It is a modern science and technology closely related to philosophy and social psychology. New applied artificial intelligence technologies include mainly about vision from computer, algorithms based on machine learning, processing of language interaction, robotic engineering, and biometrics. As an essential part of daily life, vehicle not only provides comfortable travel, but also is a status symbol. With similar design, performance and comfort, people are increasingly demanding intelligent and user-friendly vehicles. As a result, more and more automakers are increasing the investment of research and development for human-vehicle interaction and for a more flexible and comprehensive human-vehicle system1. Here, we describe the application of AI technology implemented into vehicles, where vehicle-control system can precisely understand the demands of commanders, making the actions exactly like human2. Research involves (1): framework of the technology; (2): Key technologies applied to it; (3): Interconnecting with each component on vehicles. 2.GENERAL FRAMEWORKVehicles with an intelligent control-system can be referred as intelligent and connected vehicle (ICV). The ICV is supported by intelligent built-in sensors onboard, as well as the controllers and actuators which can connect the main circuit of the vehicles and control the movements of them. It is also supported by professional chips processors and 5G mobile communication technology, realizing the intelligent information exchange and sharing between vehicles and human, road, computer etc. With the features like sophisticated environmental awareness, accurate decision-making logics, as well as collaborative and comprehensive units of controllers, they can enable a reliable, safe, fast, and efficient driving and gradually reduce controls from human3. ICV is highly sophisticated that integrate sensing, calculating and decision-making, prediction, and information exchange, with interdependent value chains, technology chains, and industrial chains4. The general procedures are shown in Figure 1, which shows that AI technology can simplify the daily process of driving. 3.ANALYSIS ON HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION3.1Key technologyCurrently, artificial intelligence in human-computer interaction is still a branch of the IoT (Internet of Things), many key technologies from IoT have formed the basis of this AI application. It concludes: (1) RFID technology and wireless sensor network technology; (2) Hardware technology; (3) Software technology; (4) Communication and network technology; (5) Data processing technology; (6) Security and privacy5. RFID also known as Radio Frequency Identification is an automatic technology without any contact that can automatically identify objects and receive relevant data via wireless signals without any intervention from human. For instance, it can identify the high-speed objects when commander give an order to the vehicle. For example, when the commander orders the vehicle to change lanes while driving, vehicle system can detect whether there are any other vehicle or people in advance with the RFID technology. Active RFID can provide a longer read and write distance, enabling active awareness which is crucial for the human-computer interaction in vehicle. Besides, RFID also has the advantages of large data storage capacity, small and lightweight, long life, waterproof and anti-magnetic, good security, etc.6. Hardware technology also plays an important role in AI applications. Recently, at COMPUTEX Taipei 2021, AMD officially announced that the new Tesla Model S and Model X will equip with AMD’s RDNA 2 GPU architecture, and it was reported that it will be also equipped with the built-in Radeon graphics Raider chips. Report said that this combination of hardware will provide up to 10 teraflops of computing power. So, with the support of hardware technology, vehicle built-in system can receive the orders and make the judgement fast and precisely. Software and algorithms are hardware-based and include embedded operating systems and a variety of application and control software. Types of application and control software A unified semantic system is the first step toward practical large-scale applications. A superior user experience requires more immersive virtual reality technology, distributed and centralized operations, low-latency real-time systems, and reliable and adaptable software. Currently, different vehicle brand has different operation system. For instance, Tesla uses Linux Systems and take a strategy of open source for all code that software companies can optimize their software debugging solutions on intelligent and connected vehicles. Meanwhile, BMW company announced that they are going to implement “Android Automotive OS”, collaborating with Google to provide more entertainment applications. Due to the urgent need transmission bandwidth for entertainment systems and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), the involvement of Ethernet in automotive networks has been greatly pushed. Ethenet is a widely used and recognized IEEE standard, the automotive industry will benefit from its continued development and improvements, including bandwidth improvements, cost savings, and increased implementation flexibility. Some Ethernet technologies for the automotive environment are developing rapidly, especially BroadR-Reach, AVB and TTEthernet in the last two years7. However, at present, this technology is limited by the cost and universality of the real life, whether the large-scale implementation still depends on the future development. With the increasing number of in-vehicle software and the massive increase in AI vehicle ownership, there will be a massive amount of data. As a result, companies need to scale up their back office services, increase back office service staff, and build large-scale data centers to be able to handle emergency situations in case. As for security and privacy problem, many people are extremely concerned that they may lose their personal privacy when they are communicating with their vehicles. Meanwhile, their worries are well founded, not long ago, Tesla was reported to have in-car cameras that monitored every move and word of drivers and passengers. As a result, some Chinese confidential companies have banned Tesla from entering. Currently, China is studying relevant policies, for example asking overseas companies’ databases for the China region to be built domestically in order to monitor them. 3.2Diversified expressionIn order to simplify the interaction and make it fun, the AI assistant can understand the “chat” with them. For example, if we want to turn on the AC or adjust the AC temperature, we can just tell the vehicle that “Hey! I am hot or I am cold”. Besides, we can give a more specific command, like “Roll up (down) the front (back) windows or play someone’s music album.” By talking like this, it can give us a feeling that we are talking to an assistant rather a vehicle. 3.3Future for AI interactionAccording to the latest Chinese census report, China’s aging population over the age of 60 has accounted for 18.1% of the total population8. Furthermore, in next 20 years, this trend can not be resisted that the proportion of aging population will be double. As a result, aging drivers’ response function and prediction ability will decline significantly. Therefore, implementing AI technology on vehicles can assist aging people drive cars, reduce car accidents. However, the application of AI technology should also be regulated by laws. Before the age of artificial intelligence, preventive criminal laws have emerged in China, and theories of preventive criminal law are poised to emerge. It is vital for legislative department to add preventive criminal law norms in the field of human-computer interaction9. Currently, artificial intelligence technologies still face many fundamental problems due to its lack of knowledge. At this stage, our machines have not mastered summarizing knowledge, accumulate knowledge, apply knowledge, pass on knowledge and establish organization the ability to organize and manage the knowledge system10. 4.CONCLUSIONIn summary, artificial technology has already been applied to vehicle machine system. By interacting with vehicle’s information system, drivers can control their vehicles with voice, which can make the driving more interesting and simple. In the field of intelligent and connected vehicles, more advanced technologies are developing, such as Nanotechnology, Microchip technology etc. Therefore, vehicles are more likely to become an intelligent and connected Robot in the future. Meanwhile, there are still shortcomings in the field of AI reaction, where we need to have more research and experiments on the reaction and early warning of intelligent and connected vehicles. REFERENCESWang, F. H., Qin, J. Y. and Li. W.,
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