Self-Interference Digital Holography (SIDH) enables imaging of incoherently emitting objects over large axial ranges with sub-diffraction resolution in all three dimensions, utilizing only three two-dimensional images. Our prior research has shown that point-like sources emitting as few as 4,200 photons can be reconstructed over a 10 μm axial range by light-sheet SIDH. This highlights the potential of combining SIDH with Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) to accomplish 3D imaging across a large axial range with nanometer precision, without the need for mechanical refocusing. Because SIDH captures the phase of the light field, aberrations are recorded in the hologram. We have developed a computational aberration correction method based on SIDH, capable of correcting optical aberrations over a large axial range without incorporating any adaptive elements into the imaging system. Our algorithm iteratively searches the coefficients of each Zernike mode via a one-dimensional parabolic fit. For each reconstructed image, a metric function value is calculated to evaluate the image quality. The optimal correction strength for the corresponding Zernike mode is determined by the peak of the parabolic fit, and the virtual phase mask is adjusted accordingly. The aberration correction can be applied directly to the holograms to further improve the localization precision of SIDH.
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