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The Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) is the principal energy source that propels dynamic changes within the Earth's climate system over extended periods. The variability in TSI plays a crucial role in shaping the long-term evolution of the Earth's climate. This study proposes to introduce a novel approach to investigating irradiation and advancing our understanding of solar radiation's impact on Earth's climate by leveraging circuit technology. Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) represent a pioneering breakthrough in integrating multiple optical components. In contrast to existing sensor platforms, PICs offer increased sensitivity, less interference from electromagnetic noise in measurements, and a more compact design. Most instruments in space that measure TSI are called electrical substitution radiometers (ESR). An ESR usually includes an optical absorbing element connected to a reference heat sink. A poorly conducting thermal link keeps the heat sink at a constant temperature. The instrument compares the heating caused by the radiant power absorbed with the heating caused by an electrical current. The Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE) has initiated a project to create solar observational tools as part of the global effort to comprehend the workings of the Sun and its impact on Earth. The Galileo Solar Space Telescope (GSST) comprises two instrument designs - Irradiance Monitor Module (IMM) - to accomplish the mission objectives. One of the tools is a small radiometer constructed on a photonic integrated circuit. The primary objective of this research is to mitigate instrument uncertainty and elevate temperature measurement techniques in radiometers. By exploring innovative ideas and approaches, this work seeks to redefine state-of-the-art temperature quantification within these crucial scientific instruments. A key aspect of our methodology involves implementing a new instrument design utilizing Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) technology embedded in a substrate for temperature detection. Adopting photonic circuits is a pivotal strategy to provide a more direct and durable solution to temperature sensing. This approach is anticipated to minimize uncertainties associated with electronics and comparators. Here, we will showcase the results of the preliminary manufacturing outcomes. These findings contribute to the ongoing efforts to enhance temperature measurement techniques, aiming to deepen our comprehension of how the Sun's energy influences Earth. Through this work, we anticipate advancing the capabilities of radiometric instruments and paving the way for a more nuanced understanding of the Sun and climate dynamics.
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