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The properties of complex systems of integrated optics
depend mainly on the nearfields of the components,
if their distances are less than a few wavelengths.
For field-calculations the Kirchhoff and the
Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theories may be
applied also to phase objects. Usually these are assumed
to be "thin" ; then in the "object plane" the
incident wave may be multiplied with the complex
object transmittance (Kirchhoff's boundary conditions).
But, in general, this approximation leads to
deviations; these are investigated for small phase
objects (n-i << 1, Ac < 20°) of finite thickness.
Michael Totzeck
"Validity of the scalar Kirchhoff and Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theories in the near-field of small phase objects of finite thickness", Proc. SPIE 1319, Optics in Complex Systems, (1 July 1990); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.22232
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Michael Totzeck, "Validity of the scalar Kirchhoff and Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theories in the nearfield of small phase objects of finite thickness," Proc. SPIE 1319, Optics in Complex Systems, (1 July 1990); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.22232