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The requirement of not just survival but high performance operation in a hostile environment is a fundamental consideration in some optical systems. The paper details the effects of - and compensation for - deep-sea immersion, variable air-pressure and humidity, and a variety of thermal perturbations. The deleterious effects on optical materials resulting from a selection of hostile environments, including that of high radiation levels, are also considered and suggestions made concerning the optimum choice of materials.
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Philip J. Rogers, "Optics in hostile environments," Proc. SPIE 1780, Lens and Optical Systems Design, 17802M (15 April 1993); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.983263