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Fluorescence microscopy is an invaluable tool for studying biological processes in cells. In the recent past
there has been significant interest in imaging cellular processes at the single molecule level. Single molecule
experiments remove ensemble averaging effects and provide information that is typically not accessible through
bulk experiments. One of the major requirements in single molecule imaging applications is that a sufficient
number of photons be detected from the single molecule. This is not only important for the visual identification
of single molecules, but also plays a crucial role in the quantitative analysis of the acquired data. Here, we
demonstrate the use of a dual objective imaging configuration for single molecule studies. The configuration uses
two opposing objective lenses, where one of the objectives is in an inverted position and the other objective is
in an upright position. The use of opposing objective lenses has been previously demonstrated in 4pi confocal
microscopy and I5M to achieve high axial resolution when compared to confocal/widefield microscopes. Here
we demonstrate that the dual objective imaging configuration provides higher photon collection efficiency when
compared to a regular microscope for a given illumination condition. As a result, single molecules can be localized
with better accuracy when imaged through opposing objective lenses than when imaged through a regular optical
microscope. Analytical tools are introduced to estimate the 2D location of single molecules and to characterize
the accuracy with which they can be determined.
Sripad Ram,Prashant Prabhat,E. Sally Ward, andRaimund J. Ober
"Dual objective fluorescence microscopy for single molecule imaging applications", Proc. SPIE 7184, Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing XVI, 71840C (3 March 2009); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.808259
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Sripad Ram, Prashant Prabhat, E. Sally Ward, Raimund J. Ober, "Dual objective fluorescence microscopy for single molecule imaging applications," Proc. SPIE 7184, Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing XVI, 71840C (3 March 2009); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.808259