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An intuitive and generalisable approach to spatial-temporal feature extraction for brain-computer interface (BCI) with high-density functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data is proposed, demonstrated here with frequency-domain (FD) signals for motor-task classification. Statistical analysis of the results shows that the spatially resolved convolutional neural network (CNN) model improves classification accuracy by 2.5% compared to a standard temporal CNN, further enhanced by data availability. This is a significant improvement considering the requirements of real-time BCI.
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