Optical metasurfaces are sub-wavelength patterned surfaces that interact strongly with light. They offer several critical advantages, including the miniaturization of optical elements, empowering novel functionalities that process hidden modalities of light, and the opportunity to tune their properties on demand. For many exciting new applications, such as 3D imaging, holographic displays, and light detection and ranging (LIDAR), dynamically reconfigurable and programable functionalities of metasurfaces is of utmost importance. This talk will overview the recent advances and challenges in tunable metasurfaces. I will discuss metasurface tunability through several control mechanisms, including optically and electrically driven metasurfaces. In particular, we demonstrate the highest ultrafast modulation of over 80% and multi-pixel operation with over 70% transmission modulation. The presented developments hold promise for real-world applications of active meta-optics.
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