We propose that conformational changes to the cytoskeleton is a mechanism of photobiomodulation additional to its other known effects, underlying pain relief by PBM. These conformational changes may lead to secondary effects within nerve cells, such as the slowing of conduction velocity and changes in mitochondrial membrane potentials, both of which are modulated by photobiomodulation. We propose that the mechanism that links photobiomodulation to cytoskeleton changes is the action of light on photoacceptors such as ion channels, with cytoskeletal modulations affecting downstream signalling, resulting in changes to the integrity of cell membrane and overall cell configuration. This proposed mechanism has potential implications for pathologies such as chronic pain, dysregulated immune responses and neurological diseases such as traumatic brain injury and Parkinson’s disease.
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