Perfect imaging is one of the ultimate goals for humankind in perceiving the world, yet it is fundamentally limited by the optical aberrations resulting from imperfect imaging systems or dynamic imaging environments. To address this long-standing problem, we develop a new framework of digital adaptive optics for universal incoherent imaging applications based on scanning light-field imaging systems. With digital measurement and synthesis of the incoherent light field with unprecedented precision, we have demonstrated a series of killer applications that are hard for traditional methods, including long-term high-speed intravital 3D imaging in mammals, gigapixel imaging with a single lens, high-speed multi-site aberration corrections for ground-based telescopes against turbulence, and real-time megapixel depth sensing. We anticipate that digital adaptive optics may facilitate broad applications in almost all fields, including industrial inspection, mobile devices, autonomous driving, surveillance, medical diagnosis, biology, and astronomy.
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