Combined optical and electrical stimulation of neural tissue in vivo

Austin R. Duke; Jonathan M. Cayce; Jonathan D. Malphrus; Peter Konrad M.D.; Anita Mahadevan-Jansen; E. Duco Jansen

doi:10.1117/1.3257230

1 November 2009 Combined optical and electrical stimulation of neural tissue in vivo

Austin R. Duke, Jonathan M. Cayce, Jonathan D. Malphrus, Peter Konrad M.D., Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, E. Duco Jansen

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Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 14, Issue 6, 060501 (November 2009). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3257230

Abstract

Low-intensity, pulsed infrared light provides a novel nerve stimulation modality that avoids the limitations of traditional electrical methods such as necessity of contact, presence of a stimulation artifact, and relatively poor spatial precision. Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is, however, limited by a 2:1 ratio of threshold radiant exposures for damage to that for stimulation. We have shown that this ratio is increased to nearly 6:1 by combining the infrared pulse with a subthreshold electrical stimulus. Our results indicate a nonlinear relationship between the subthreshold depolarizing electrical stimulus and additional optical energy required to reach stimulation threshold. The change in optical threshold decreases linearly as the delay between the electrical and optical pulses is increased. We have shown that the high spatial precision of INS is maintained for this combined stimulation modality. Results of this study will facilitate the development of applications for infrared neural stimulation, as well as target the efforts to uncover the mechanism by which infrared light activates neural tissue.

©(2009) Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

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Austin R. Duke, Jonathan M. Cayce, Jonathan D. Malphrus, Peter Konrad M.D., Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, and E. Duco Jansen "Combined optical and electrical stimulation of neural tissue in vivo," Journal of Biomedical Optics 14(6), 060501 (1 November 2009). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3257230

Published: 1 November 2009

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KEYWORDS

Tissue optics

Infrared radiation

Nerve

Ocean optics

Electrodes

In vivo imaging

Laser damage threshold

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