Femtosecond laser lithotripsy: feasibility and ablation mechanism

Jinze Qiu; Joel M. Teichman M.D.; Tianyi Wang; Joseph Neev; Randolph D. Glickman; Kin Foong Chan; Thomas E. Milner

doi:10.1117/1.3368998

1 March 2010 Femtosecond laser lithotripsy: feasibility and ablation mechanism

Jinze Qiu, Joel M. Teichman M.D., Tianyi Wang, Joseph Neev, Randolph D. Glickman, Kin Foong Chan, Thomas E. Milner

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Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 15, Issue 2, 028001 (March 2010). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3368998

Abstract

Light emitted from a femtosecond laser is capable of plasma-induced ablation of various materials. We tested the feasibility of utilizing femtosecond-pulsed laser radiation (λ=800 nm, 140 fs, 0.9 mJ/pulse) for ablation of urinary calculi. Ablation craters were observed in human calculi of greater than 90% calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), cystine (CYST), or magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MAPH). Largest crater volumes were achieved on CYST stones, among the most difficult stones to fragment using Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) lithotripsy. Diameter of debris was characterized using optical microscopy and found to be less than 20 µm, substantially smaller than that produced by long-pulsed Ho:YAG ablation. Stone retropulsion, monitored by a high-speed camera system with a spatial resolution of 15 µm, was negligible for stones with mass as small as 0.06 g. Peak shock wave pressures were less than 2 bars, measured by a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) needle hydrophone. Ablation dynamics were visualized and characterized with pump-probe imaging and fast flash photography and correlated to shock wave pressures. Because femtosecond-pulsed laser ablates urinary calculi of soft and hard compositions, with micron-sized debris, negligible stone retropulsion, and small shock wave pressures, we conclude that the approach is a promising candidate technique for lithotripsy.

©(2010) Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

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Jinze Qiu, Joel M. Teichman M.D., Tianyi Wang, Joseph Neev, Randolph D. Glickman, Kin Foong Chan, and Thomas E. Milner "Femtosecond laser lithotripsy: feasibility and ablation mechanism," Journal of Biomedical Optics 15(2), 028001 (1 March 2010). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3368998

Published: 1 March 2010

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KEYWORDS

Laser ablation

Femtosecond phenomena

Calculi

Plasma

Calculus

Laser lithotripsy

Pulsed laser operation

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